Jonah 4

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Jonah 4 exposes the scandal of mercy by showing a prophet angry at grace, grieving a plant, and standing rebuked before the compassion of God.

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Jonah 4 is the chapter that proves outward obedience can still conceal a heart deeply opposed to the mercy of God. Jonah has preached, Nineveh has turned, and judgment has not fallen. Yet instead of rejoicing, the prophet burns with anger. In Jonah 4:1-4 he effectively accuses God for being the very kind of God Scripture praises him for being. Then the chapter narrows into the strange lesson of the plant. In Jonah 4:6-8 Jonah feels intense pity for a comfort he did not create, sustain, or deserve. That prepares the Lord’s final word in Jonah 4:10-11, where Jonah’s small, self-centered grief is set against divine compassion over a city full of image-bearers. Jonah 4 matters because it asks whether you love righteousness only when it ends in your preferred outcomes, or whether you can bear the mercy of God when it reaches people you would rather see judged.

핵심 본문

Jonah 4:1-4 Jonah 4:6-8 Jonah 4:10-11

How the chapter unfolds

The chapter moves from Jonah’s anger over Nineveh’s spared judgment into the plant lesson and the Lord’s final question about compassion.

Why this chapter matters

It matters because it reveals how easily religious obedience can coexist with a heart that resents God’s mercy toward others.

Interpretive tension to watch

Do not treat Jonah 4 as comic relief after repentance in Nineveh. It is the final exposure of a prophet whose theology has not yet humbled his heart.

이 장을 위한 질문

  • Why does Jonah grieve mercy more deeply than he grieved rebellion earlier in the book?
  • How does the plant lesson expose the smallness of Jonah’s compassion compared with God’s?
  • What does the Lord’s unanswered final question do to the reader’s own heart posture toward mercy?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

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1 यह बात योना को बहुत ही बुरी लगी, और उसका क्रोध भड़का। 2 और उसने यहोवा से यह कहकर प्रार्थना की, “हे यहोवा जब मैं अपने देश में था, तब क्या मैं यही बात न कहता था? इसी कारण मैंने तेरी आज्ञा सुनते ही तर्शीश को भाग जाने के लिये फुर्ती की; क्योंकि मैं जानता था कि तू अनुग्रहकारी और दयालु परमेश्वर है, और विलम्ब से कोप करनेवाला करुणानिधान है, और दुःख देने से प्रसन्न नहीं होता। 3 सो अब हे यहोवा, मेरा प्राण ले ले; क्योंकि मेरे लिये जीवित रहने से मरना ही भला है।” 4 यहोवा ने कहा, “तेरा जो क्रोध भड़का है, क्या वह उचित है?” 5 इस पर योना उस नगर से निकलकर, उसकी पूरब ओर बैठ गया; और वहाँ एक छप्पर बनाकर उसकी छाया में बैठा हुआ यह देखने लगा कि नगर का क्या होगा? 6 तब यहोवा परमेश्वर ने एक रेंड़ का पेड़ उगाकर ऐसा बढ़ाया कि योना के सिर पर छाया हो, जिससे उसका दुःख दूर हो। योना उस रेंड़ के पेड़ के कारण बहुत ही आनन्दित हुआ। 7 सवेरे जब पौ फटने लगी, तब परमेश्वर ने एक कीड़े को भेजा, जिसने रेंड़ का पेड़ ऐसा काटा कि वह सूख गया। 8 जब सूर्य उगा, तब परमेश्वर ने पुरवाई बहाकर लू चलाई, और धूप योना के सिर पर ऐसे लगी कि वह मूर्छा खाने लगा; और उसने यह कहकर मृत्यु माँगी, “मेरे लिये जीवित रहने से मरना ही अच्छा है।” 9 परमेश्वर ने योना से कहा, “तेरा क्रोध, जो रेंड़ के पेड़ के कारण भड़का है, क्या वह उचित है?” उसने कहा, “हाँ, मेरा जो क्रोध भड़का है वह अच्छा ही है, वरन् क्रोध के मारे मरना भी अच्छा होता।” 10 तब यहोवा ने कहा, “जिस रेंड़ के पेड़ के लिये तूने कुछ परिश्रम नहीं किया, न उसको बढ़ाया, जो एक ही रात में हुआ, और एक ही रात में नाश भी हुआ; उस पर तूने तरस खाई है। 11 फिर यह बड़ा नगर नीनवे, जिसमें एक लाख बीस हजार से अधिक मनुष्य हैं, जो अपने दाएँ-बाएँ हाथों का भेद नहीं पहचानते, और बहुत घरेलू पशु भी उसमें रहते हैं, तो क्या मैं उस पर तरस न खाऊँ?”

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주석 성경

구절별 노트

구절 4:1-4 구절 4:10-11
구절 4:1-4 Deep

A prophet can obey outwardly while resenting mercy inwardly

열기
텍스트로 이동

Jonah is not scandalized by evil alone. He is scandalized by compassion shown to the undeserving. The chapter exposes how correct theology can coexist with a heart unbroken by grace.

핵심 본문
Exodus 34:6-7 Luke 15:28-32
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구절 4:10-11 Standard

God’s compassion dwarfs the self’s tiny griefs

열기
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The plant lesson is not childish decoration. It measures Jonah’s pity for personal comfort against God’s compassion for a city full of image-bearers.

핵심 본문
Matthew 6:30 2 Peter 3:9
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배경과 언어적 통찰 원어 세부사항, 문화적 배경, 그리고 이것들이 이 장의 읽기를 어떻게 바꾸는지.
깊이

원어 통찰

Jonah 4:2 · Hebrew 텍스트로 이동

ḥannun weraḥum (channun werachum)

직역: gracious and compassionate

Jonah quotes one of Scripture’s most treasured confessions of God’s character, but he does so as a complaint against mercy.

It intensifies the chapter by showing that Jonah’s anger rises against the very glory of God celebrated elsewhere.

핵심 본문
Jonah 4:2
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다음 책으로 이동 Micah 1장.

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