Matthew 19

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Matthew 19 gathers three encounters on Jesus's way to Jerusalem that each turn on what a person is willing to give up. Pharisees test him on divorce, and he answers from creation: what God has joined, let no one separate. Disciples turn children away, and he calls them back, because the kingdom belongs to such as these. A wealthy young man asks what good thing he must do for eternal life, keeps every commandment he is asked about, and walks away sad when told to sell everything and follow. Jesus then tells his astonished disciples that salvation is impossible for man and possible with God, and promises a hundredfold to those who leave everything for his name.

장 주석 열기

Matthew 19 puts three groups in front of Jesus on the road to Jerusalem, and each meeting asks what a person is holding onto. First the Pharisees, with a trap about divorce. Jesus does not enter their debate about Moses; he goes back to the beginning, to male and female and one flesh, and treats Moses's permission as a concession to hard hearts. The disciples find the standard so high that they suggest not marrying, and Jesus does not argue them out of it. Then children, whom the disciples try to send away and whom Jesus places at the center of the kingdom. Then the young man, rich and earnest, who wants to know what good thing he must do. He has kept the commandments; Jesus does not dispute it. He lacks one thing, and the one thing is everything he owns. He goes away sorrowful, the only person in the Gospels who is called and declines. Jesus turns to the disciples with the camel and the needle, and when they ask who can possibly be saved, he gives the answer the whole chapter has been building toward: with man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible. Peter asks what the disciples will get for having left everything, and Jesus promises thrones, a hundredfold, and eternal life, then adds the line that keeps anyone from counting on their place in line: many who are first will be last.

핵심 본문

Matthew 19:3-9 Matthew 19:13-15 Matthew 19:16-22 Matthew 19:23-26 Genesis 2:24

Historical and literary context

The divorce question reflected a live debate between rabbinic schools over whether Deuteronomy 24 permitted divorce only for serious cause or "for any reason." Jesus sidesteps the debate by going behind Moses to Genesis. The scene is Judea beyond the Jordan, the territory of Herod Antipas, who had executed John the Baptist for criticizing his marriage, which gives the Pharisees' question a political edge. The rich young man's confidence that he had kept the commandments was not unusual for a devout Jew; Jesus's demand exposed the one commandment he could not keep.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 12 concern marriage: the test question, Jesus's appeal to Genesis, the exception for sexual immorality, the disciples' dismay, and the saying about eunuchs for the kingdom. Verses 13 to 15 are the blessing of the children. Verses 16 to 22 are the rich young man, from his question to his sorrowful departure. Verses 23 to 26 give the camel and the needle and "with God all things are possible." Verses 27 to 30 answer Peter's "what will there be for us" with twelve thrones, a hundredfold, eternal life, and the reversal of first and last.

Why this chapter matters

Matthew 19 is the New Testament's central text on marriage, grounding it in creation rather than in law, and its most searching text on wealth. The rich young man is the only person in the Gospels recorded as walking away from a direct call to follow Jesus, and he does so with sorrow rather than defiance, which makes him the most relatable refusal in Scripture. "With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible" answers the disciples' question "Who then can be saved?" and has become one of the Bible's best-known statements of grace. The chapter's welcome of children became the model for Christian teaching about faith as receiving rather than achieving.

Interpretive tension to watch

The rich young man is told to sell everything; Zacchaeus in Luke gives half; Joseph of Arimathea remains wealthy. Is the command universal, or aimed at the one thing this man served instead of God? And the "eye of the needle" has attracted a legend about a small Jerusalem gate that has no historical basis; the saying means impossibility, as the disciples' reaction and Jesus's answer confirm. How readers handle these questions shapes whether they soften the chapter or let it search them.

이 장을 위한 질문

Jesus answers a question about the law of divorce with the design of creation. What changes when marriage is read from Genesis rather than from Deuteronomy?
The young man kept the commandments and still lacked one thing. What is the one thing, and why could he not give it?
The disciples ask "Who then can be saved?" and Jesus answers "with God all things are possible." How does that exchange reframe the whole chapter?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

노트에 추가

1 When Jesus finished speaking he left Galilee and went to the region of Judea beyond the Jordan River. 2 Large crowds followed him, and he healed those who were sick there. 3 Some Pharisees came to test him. “Is a man allowed to divorce his wife for any reason?” they asked. 4 Jesus replied, “Haven't you read that God who created people in the beginning made them male and female? 5 He said, ‘This is the reason a man will leave his father and mother, and join with his wife, and the two shall become one.’ 6 Now they're no longer two, but one. What God has joined together no one should separate.” 7 “Then why did Moses give the command that a man could divorce his wife by giving her a written certificate of divorce, and sending her away?” they asked. 8 “Because of your hard-hearted attitude Moses permitted you to divorce your wives, but it wasn't like that in the beginning,” Jesus replied. 9 “I tell you, anyone who divorces his wife except on the grounds of sexual immorality and then marries another woman, commits adultery.” 10 “If that's the situation between husband and wife, it's better not to marry!” his disciples told him. 11 “Not everyone can accept this instruction, only those it's given to,” Jesus told them. 12 “Some are born as eunuchs, some are made eunuchs by men, and some choose to be eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Those who can accept this should accept it.” 13 The people brought little children to him so he could bless them and pray for them. But the disciples told them not to. 14 But Jesus said, “Let the little children come to me. Don't stop them. The kingdom of heaven belongs to those who are like them!” 15 He placed his hands on them to bless them, and then he left. 16 A man came to Jesus and asked him, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to gain eternal life?” 17 “Why do you ask me what is good?” Jesus replied. “There's only one who is good. But if you want to have eternal life, then keep the commandments.” 18 “Which ones?” the man asked him. “Don't murder, don't commit adultery, don't steal, don't give false testimony, 19 honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as yourself,” replied Jesus. 20 “I've kept all these commandments,” the young man said. “What else do I need to do?” 21 Jesus told him, “If you want to be perfect, then go and sell your possessions, give the money to the poor, and you'll have treasure in heaven. Then come and follow me.” 22 When the young man heard Jesus' answer he went away very sad, because he had many possessions. 23 “I tell you the truth,” Jesus said to his disciples, “rich people find it hard to enter the kingdom of heaven. 24 I also tell you this: It's easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 25 When the disciples heard this, they were very surprised, and asked, “So who can be saved?” 26 Jesus looked at them and said, “From a human point of view it's impossible, but all things are possible with God.” 27 Peter answered him, “Look, we've left everything and followed you. What reward will we have?” 28 Jesus replied, “I tell you the truth: when everything is remade and the Son of man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29 All those who because of me have left their homes, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, and fields, will receive back a hundred times more, and will receive eternal life. 30 For many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.

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