John 8

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John 8 contains the story of the woman caught in adultery and the longest debate in the Gospels between Jesus and the religious leaders of Jerusalem. The scribes and Pharisees bring the woman to trap him; he writes on the ground and says that whoever is without sin should throw the first stone, and one by one they leave. Then, in the temple courts, Jesus declares "I am the light of the world," defends the validity of his testimony, warns that his hearers will die in their sins unless they believe, and tells those who had believed that the truth will set them free. The argument over Abraham's children turns bitter, ends with "before Abraham was born, I am," and they pick up stones.

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John 8 opens at dawn in the temple courts with a trap. A woman caught in adultery is dragged before Jesus, and he is asked whether the law of Moses should be carried out; if he says yes, he has taken a life into his hands, and if he says no, he has set aside the law. He bends down and writes in the dust, and when they keep pressing, he straightens up and says that the one without sin should throw the first stone. They leave, oldest first. Alone with her, he neither condemns nor excuses: go, and sin no more. Most early manuscripts do not have this story, and most Bibles mark that, but almost everyone agrees that it sounds exactly like him. What follows is the longest and hardest argument in the Gospels. Against the backdrop of the festival lamps in the Court of the Women, Jesus says he is the light of the world. His hearers challenge his right to speak for himself, and he answers that the Father testifies with him. He tells them they will die in their sins unless they believe who he is, and many do believe. Then, to those very believers, he says that the truth will free them if they hold to his word, and the conversation collapses. They are Abraham's children and have never been slaves; he says everyone who sins is a slave; they say God is their Father; he says that if that were true they would love him. The exchange becomes as bitter as any in the New Testament, and it ends with the most staggering claim in the book, "before Abraham was born, I am," and stones in their hands.

Passi chiave

John 8:1-11 John 8:12 John 8:31-36 John 8:56-59 Exodus 3:14 John 1:4-5

Historical and literary context

The story of the woman, 7:53 to 8:11, is missing from the earliest and best manuscripts of John and appears in different places in others; most scholars think it is an authentic memory of Jesus preserved outside John and added later, which is why modern Bibles set it off with brackets. The rest of the chapter continues the Feast of Tabernacles setting of chapter 7. During that feast great lamps were lit in the Court of the Women, near the treasury named in verse 20, which gives "I am the light of the world" its setting. The debate over descent from Abraham reflects first-century Jewish confidence in covenant birth, and "before Abraham was, I am" echoes the divine name of Exodus 3:14, which is why the response is an attempt to stone him.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 11: the woman caught in adultery, the trap, the writing on the ground, the departure of the accusers, and "Neither do I condemn you; go and sin no more." Verses 12 to 20: the light of the world and the dispute over self-testimony, with the Father as second witness. Verses 21 to 30: "Where I am going, you cannot come," from above and from below, and many believe. Verses 31 to 47: the truth that frees, slavery to sin, children of Abraham and children of the devil. Verses 48 to 59: the charge of demon possession, "if anyone keeps My word, he will never see death," the claim to precede Abraham, and the stones.

Why this chapter matters

Verse 7, "Let him who is without sin among you be the first to cast a stone," and verse 32, "the truth will set you free," are among the best known sentences in the world, the second inscribed on universities and government buildings that rarely quote the verse before it, "if you continue in My word." Verse 12 is one of John's seven "I am" sayings with a predicate, and verse 58 is the climactic one without, the clearest claim to divinity in the Gospel. The shape of the whole chapter, an invitation that hardens into conflict, is John's picture of what happens when light meets those who prefer the dark.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 44, "You belong to your father, the devil," was addressed to a specific group of Judean opponents in a first-century argument among Jews, but it has been torn from that setting for centuries to justify hatred of Jews, a history any honest reading must acknowledge. The status of the adultery story is a second tension: its authenticity as text is doubtful while its authenticity as a portrait of Jesus is widely accepted. Finally, the chapter says both that "many believed" and that those believers wanted to kill him, a sequence that raises the question of what believing amounts to.

Domande per questo capitolo

Jesus neither condemns the woman nor excuses her. How do "neither do I condemn you" and "sin no more" belong together?
Verse 32 is quoted everywhere without verse 31. What does "continue in My word" add to "the truth will set you free"?
The chapter moves from "many believed" to picking up stones. What kind of belief survives being told the truth?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Aggiungi alle note

1 Yesu ya je Dutsen Zaitun. 2 Da sassafe ya dawo Haikali, dukan mutane kuma suka zo wurin sa; yazauna koya masu. 3 Sai marubuta da Farisawa suka kawo mace wadda aka kama ta tana zina. Su ka sa ta a tsakiya. 4 Sai su ka ce da shi, “Malam, wannan mace an kama ta tana cikin yin zina. 5 A cikin shari'a, Musa ya bamu umurni mu jejjefe irin wandannan mutume, kai me ka ce game da ita?” 6 Sun fadi haka ne domin su gwada shi su sami abinda za su zarge shi da shi, amma Yesu ya sunkuya yayi rubutu da yatsansa a kasa. 7 Sa'adda suka cigaba da tambayar sa, ya mike tsaye yace masu, “shi wanda ba shi da zunubi a cikin ku, ya fara jifar ta da dutse.” 8 Ya sake sunkuyawa, ya yi rubutu da yatsansa a kasa. 9 Da suka ji haka, sai suka fita dai-dai da dai-dai, kama daga babbansu. A karshe dai aka bar Yesu shi kadai, tare da matar wadda ta ke a tsakiyar su. 10 Yesu ya tashi tsaye ya ce da ita, “mace, ina masu zargin ki? Ba wanda ya kashe ki? 11 Ta ce, “Ba kowa, Ubangiji” Yesu ya ce, “Ni ma ban kashe ki ba. Ki yi tafiyar ki, daga yanzu kada ki kara yin zunubi.” 12 Yesu ya kara yin magana da mutanen cewa, “Ni ne hasken duniya, shi wanda ya biyo ni, ba zai yi tafiya cikin duhu ba, amma za ya sami hasken rai. 13 Farisawa suka ce masa, “Kana bada shaida a kan ka, shaidarka ba gaskiya ba ce.” 14 Yesu ya amsa ya ce masu, “Ko ma na bada shaida a kai na, shaidata gaskiya ce, na san daga inda na fito da inda zan tafi, amma ku baku san daga inda na fito ba, baku kuma san inda zan tafi ba. 15 Kuna shari'a ta son kai, ni ko ban yi wa kowa shari'a ba. 16 Ko ma da na yi shari'a, shari'ata gaskiya ce domin ba ni kadai ba ne, amma ina tare da Uba wanda ya aiko ni. 17 I, a cikin dokarku an rubuta cewa shaidar mutum biyu gaskiya ce. 18 Ni ne ni ke shaidar kaina, kuma Uba wanda ya aiko ni ya na shaida ta. 19 Su ka ce da shi, “Ina ubanka?” Yesu ya amsa ma su ya ce, “baku san ni ba balle Ubana, in da kun san ni da kun san Uba na kuma. “ 20 Ya fadi wadannan kalmomi a kusa da wurin ajiya sa'adda ya ke koyarwa a cikin haikali, kuma ba wanda ya kama shi saboda sa'arsa bata yi ba tukuna. 21 Ya kara cewa da su,”Zan tafi, za ku neme ni ba za ku same ni ba, za ku mutu cikin zunubinku. Inda ni ke tafiya, ba za ku iya zuwa ba”. 22 Yahudawa su ka ce,”Zai kashe kansa ne, da ya ce inda ni ke tafiya ba za ku iya zuwa ba?” 23 Yesu ya ce masu ku daga kasa kuke, Ni kuwa daga bisa ni ke. Ku na wannan duniya ne, Ni kuwa ba na wannan duniya ba ne. 24 Shiyasa na ce maku za ku mutu cikin zunubanku. In ba kun bada gaskiya NI NE ba, za ku mutu cikin zunubanku. 25 Sai kuma suka ce da shi,”Wanene kai?” Yesu ya ce masu, “Abin da na gaya maku tun daga farko. 26 Ina da a bubuwa da yawa da zan gaya maku, in kuma hukunta ku a kai. Duk da haka, wanda ya aiko ni, mai gaskiya ne, abubuwan da naji daga wurin sa, wadannan abubuwan su ni ke gaya wa duniya.” 27 Ba su gane ba yana yi masu magana a kan Uban. 28 Yesu ya ce, “Sa'adda kuka tada Dan Mutum sama sa'annan za ku gane NI NE, kuma ban yi komi domin kaina ba. Kamar yadda Uba ya koya mani, haka nike fadin wadannan abubuwa. 29 Shi wanda ya aiko ni, yana tare da ni kuma bai bar ni ni kadai ba, domin kullum ina yin abubuwan da suke faranta masa rai.” 30 Sa'adda Yesu ya ke fadin wadannan abubuwa, dayawa suka bada gaskiya gare shi. 31 Yesu ya gayawa wadancan Yahudawa da suka bada gaskiya gare shi, “Idan kun tsaya a cikin magana ta ku almajiraina ne na gaskiya, 32 Kuma za ku san gaskiya, gaskiya kuwa zata 'yantar da ku.” 33 Suka amsa masa, “ Mu zuriyar Ibrahim ne kuma bamu taba yin bauta wurin kowa ba, yaya za ka ce, 'Za a 'yantar da ku'?” 34 Yesu ya ce masu, “Hakika, hakika, ina ce maku, dukan wanda ya ke aika zunubi bawan zunubi ne. 35 Bawa kuwa, ba ya zama a gida dindindin, da yana zama dindindin. 36 Saboda haka, idan Dan ya 'yantar da ku zaku zama 'yantattu sosai. 37 Na san ku zuriyar Ibrahim ne, kuna so ku kashe ni saboda kalma ta bata da wurin zama a cikin ku. 38 Na fadi abubuwan da na gani a wurin Ubana, ku kuma kuna yin abubuwan da kuka ji daga wurin ubanku.” 39 Suka amsa suka ce masa, “Ibrahim ne ubanmu” Yesu ya ce masu, “Da ku 'yayan Ibrahim ne da kun yi ayukan da Ibrahim ya yi. 40 Amma, yanzu kuna so ku kashe ni, mutumin da ya gaya maku gaskiyar da ya ji daga wurin Allah. Ibrahim bai yi haka ba. 41 Kuna yin ayyukan ubanku. Suka ce masa, “mu ba a haife mu cikin fasikanci ba, muna da Uba daya: Allah.” 42 Yesu ya ce masu, “Inda Allah Ubanku ne, da kun kaunace ni, gama na zo daga wurin Allah kuma ga ni anan, gama ba domin kaina nazo ba, shine ya aiko ni. 43 Meyasa baku gane magana ta ba? Ai saboda ba za ku iya jin maganata ba ne. 44 Ku na ubanku, shaidan ne, kuma kuna so ku yi nufe-nufe na ubanku. Shi mai kisan kai ne tun daga farko kuma ba ya tsayawa gaskiya saboda da babu gaskiya a cikin sa. Sa'anda yake fadin karya, yana maganar halinsa ne domin shi dama makaryaci ne da uban karya kuma. 45 Dayake ina fadin gaskiya baku bada gaskiya gare ni ba. 46 Wanene a cikin ku ya kama ni da zunubi? Idan na fadi gaskiya don me ba ku gaskanta ni ba? 47 Shi wanda yake na Allah ya kan ji maganar Allah, ku ba kwa jin maganar Allah da yake ku ba na Allah bane,” 48 Yahudawa suka amsa suka ce masa, “Bamu fadi gaskiya ba da muka ce kai Basamariye ne kuma kana da aljan?” 49 Yesu ya amsa, “Ni ba ni da aljan, ina girmama Ubana, ku kuma ba kwa girmama ni.” 50 Ba na neman daraja domin kaina, akwai wanda ke nema yana kuma hukuntawa. 51 Hakika, hakika, iIna ce maku, dukan wanda ya kiyaye maganata, ba za ya ga mutuwa ba.” 52 Sai Yahudawa su ka ce masa, Yanzu mun sani kana da aljan. Ibrahim da annabawa sun mutu, amma kai ka ce, 'dukan wanda ya yi biyayya da maganata ba zai dandana mutuwa ba'. 53 Ai baka fi ubanmu Ibrahim girma ba wanda ya mutu, ko ka fi shi? Annabawa kuma sun mutu. Wa kake daukar kanka ne?” 54 Yesu ya amsa, “Idan na daukaka kaina, daukaka ta banza ce, Ubana ne ya daukaka ni. Wanda kuka ce shi ne Allahnku. 55 Ku kuwa ba ku san shi ba, amma ni na san shi. Idan na ce ban san shi ba, na zama kamar ku kenan, makaryaci. Sai dai, Ni na san shi ina kiyaye maganarsa. 56 Ubanku Ibrahim ya yi farinciki da ganin rana ta; ya gan ta kuma ya yi murna.” 57 Yahudawa su ka ce masa, “Baka kai shekara hamsin ba tukuna, ka taba ganin Ibrahim?” 58 Yesu ya ce masu, “Hakika, hakika, ina ce maku, kafin a haifi Ibrahim, NI NE.” 59 Suka dauki duwatsu za su jefe shi, amma Yesu ya boye kansa, ya fita daga haikali.

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