Revelation 6

Leggi questo capitolo con intenzione

Revelation 6 opens the seven seals of the scroll that only the Lamb was found worthy to take. The first four seals release the four horsemen: a rider on a white horse with a bow, bent on conquest; a red horse whose rider takes peace from the earth; a black horse whose rider carries scales and announces famine prices; and a pale horse ridden by Death with Hades behind him, given power over a fourth of the earth. The fifth seal shows the souls of the martyrs under the altar crying "How long?" and being told to rest a little longer. The sixth seal shakes the cosmos, and everyone from kings to slaves hides in caves, asking who can stand before the wrath of the Lamb.

Apri commento del capitolo

Revelation 6 is where the scroll that made John weep in chapter 5 begins to be opened, and what comes out of it is not a secret about the future but a picture of the world as it is. The Lamb breaks the first seal, one of the four living creatures says "Come," and a rider on a white horse goes out to conquer. Three more follow: a red horse whose rider takes peace from the earth so that people kill one another, a black horse whose rider holds a pair of scales while a voice calls out famine prices, a day's wage for a day's bread, and a pale, corpse-colored horse whose rider is named Death, with Hades following behind. Together they have power over a fourth of the earth. Any reader in the first century knew these riders; they were the news. Then the fifth seal opens and the scene moves from earth to the altar of heaven, where the souls of those killed for their testimony cry out the oldest prayer of the suffering, "How long, O Lord?" They are given white robes and told to rest a little longer, until the number is complete. It is not the answer they wanted, but it is an answer, and it means their deaths were counted. The sixth seal undoes creation itself: earthquake, black sun, blood moon, stars falling like figs, the sky rolled up like a scroll, and every human being from emperor to slave hiding in the rocks from the face of the One on the throne. The chapter ends with a question, who can stand?, and chapter 7 exists to answer it.

Passi chiave

Revelation 6:1-8 Revelation 6:9-11 Revelation 6:12-17 Zechariah 6:1-8 Revelation 7:9-17 Matthew 24:6-8

Historical and literary context

John wrote from exile on Patmos to seven churches in the Roman province of Asia, most likely in the 90s under Domitian, though some place the book in the aftermath of Nero. The horsemen draw on Zechariah 1 and 6, where colored horses patrol the earth for God. The white horse and bow evoked the Parthian mounted archers on Rome's eastern frontier, the one enemy Rome had not defeated. The famine prices, a quart of wheat for a denarius, mean a day's wage for one person's daily bread, many times the normal cost, while oil and wine are spared, a detail some connect with Domitian's edict on vineyards in AD 92. The souls under the altar reflect the blood poured at the base of the temple altar.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 and 2, the first seal: the white horse and its conquering rider. Verses 3 and 4, the second: the red horse and the removal of peace. Verses 5 and 6, the third: the black horse, the scales, and the price of grain. Verses 7 and 8, the fourth: the pale horse, Death and Hades, and a fourth of the earth. Verses 9 to 11, the fifth: the martyrs' cry and the white robes. Verses 12 to 17, the sixth: earthquake, darkened sun, blood-red moon, falling stars, the sky rolled up, and humanity hiding from the throne. The seventh seal waits until chapter 8, after the interlude of chapter 7.

Why this chapter matters

The four horsemen are among the most recognized images in Western culture, borrowed by painters, novelists, and journalists for every age of war, famine, and plague. Read in their setting, they are not a special end-time terror but a description of what human history already looks like when God lets it run: conquest, war, scarcity, death. The martyrs' "How long, O Lord?" gives voice to every sufferer who waits for justice, and the answer, "a little while longer," is the book's honest reply. The closing question, "who is able to withstand it?", is answered by chapter 7's vision of the sealed servants of God.

Interpretive tension to watch

The rider on the white horse has been read as Christ, because of the white horse of 19:11, or as a counterfeit, a conquering power such as Parthia or Rome; the parallel with the other three destructive riders favors the second. Whether the seals describe past events, the whole span of history, or a future tribulation divides the main schools of interpretation. The vengeance the martyrs ask for sits awkwardly beside "love your enemies," and readers have to decide whether the cry is a prayer for God's justice or a wish for revenge.

Domande per questo capitolo

The four horsemen describe conquest, war, famine, and death. Does it change your reading to see them as ordinary history rather than a future catastrophe?
The martyrs ask "How long?" and are told to wait. What does that scene say about unanswered prayers for justice?
The chapter ends with "who is able to withstand it?" How does chapter 7 answer the question?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Aggiungi alle note

1 また、私は見た。小羊が七つの封印の一つを解いたとき、四つの生き物の一つが、雷のような声で「来なさい。」と言うのを私は聞いた。 2 私は見た。見よ。白い馬であった。それに乗っている者は弓を持っていた。彼は冠を与えられ、勝利の上にさらに勝利を得ようとして出て行った。 3 小羊が第二の封印を解いたとき、私は、第二の生き物が、「来なさい。」と言うのを聞いた。 4 すると、別の、火のように赤い馬が出て来た。これに乗っている者は、地上から平和を奪い取ることが許された。人々が、互いに殺し合うようになるためであった。また、彼に大きな剣が与えられた。 5 小羊が第三の封印を解いたとき、私は、第三の生き物が、「来なさい。」と言うのを聞いた。私は見た。見よ。黒い馬であった。これに乗っている者は量りを手に持っていた。 6 すると私は、一つの声のようなものが、四つの生き物の間で、こう言うのを聞いた。「小麦一枡は一デナリ。大麦三枡も一デナリ。オリーブ油とぶどう酒に害を与えてはいけない。」 7 小羊が第四の封印を解いたとき、私は、第四の生き物の声が、「来なさい。」と言うのを聞いた。 8 私は見た。見よ。青ざめた馬であった。これに乗っている者の名は死といい、そのあとにはハデスがつき従った。彼らに地上の四分の一を剣とききんと死病と地上の獣によって殺す権威が与えられた。 9 小羊が第五の封印を解いたとき、私は、神のことばと、自分たちが立てたあかしとのために殺された人々のたましいが祭壇の下にいるのを見た。 10 彼らは大声で叫んで言った。「聖なる、真実な主よ。いつまでさばきを行なわず、地に住む者に私たちの血の復讐をなさらないのですか。」 11 すると、彼らのひとりひとりに白い衣が与えられた。そして彼らは、「あなたがたと同じしもべ、また兄弟たちで、あなたがたと同じように殺されるはずの人々の数が満ちるまで、もうしばらくの間、休んでいなさい。」と言い渡された。 12 私は見た。小羊が第六の封印を解いたとき、大きな地震が起こった。そして、太陽は毛の荒布のように黒くなり、月の全面が血のようになった。 13 そして天の星が地上に落ちた。それは、いちじくが、大風に揺られて、青い実を振り落とすようであった。 14 天は、巻き物が巻かれるように消えてなくなり、すべての山や島がその場所から移された。 15 地上の王、高官、千人隊長、金持ち、勇者、あらゆる奴隷と自由人が、ほら穴と山の岩間に隠れ、 16 山や岩に向かってこう言った。「私たちの上に倒れかかって、御座にある方の御顔と小羊の怒りとから、私たちをかくまってくれ。 17 御怒りの大いなる日が来たのだ。だれがそれに耐えられよう。」

Trasforma la lettura in vero studio

Registrati per salvare versetti, prendere note e studiare con strumenti AI.

Registrati Accedi

Scegli il tuo prossimo passo dopo questo capitolo Continua a leggere, scegli un piano o continua a studiare con l'AI.

Leggi il prossimo capitolo Revelation 7 in 口語訳聖書.

Piani di lettura

Scegli un piano se vuoi trasformare questo capitolo in un'abitudine ripetibile.

Chiedi all’IA di questo capitolo

Continua con lo studio AI se il testo solleva domande o va più in profondità di una lettura.

Segui i temi che questo capitolo apre Argomenti correlati per le domande più ampie che questo capitolo potrebbe aver aperto.

Sfoglia tutti gli argomenti