1 Kings 11

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1 Kings 11 is the fall of Solomon. The king who asked for wisdom loved many foreign women, seven hundred wives and three hundred concubines, and in his old age they turned his heart to Ashtoreth, Milcom, Chemosh, and Molech, for whom he built high places east of Jerusalem. The LORD, who had appeared to him twice, announces that the kingdom will be torn from him, though for David's sake not in his lifetime and not entirely. Three adversaries rise: Hadad the Edomite, Rezon of Damascus, and Jeroboam, Solomon's own overseer, to whom the prophet Ahijah gives ten pieces of a torn cloak and the promise of ten tribes. Solomon tries to kill Jeroboam, who flees to Egypt, and dies after forty years, leaving Rehoboam.

Apri commento del capitolo

1 Kings 11 is the chapter nobody wanted to write. Solomon has built the temple, prayed its dedication, received the Queen of Sheba, and grown richer and wiser than any king on earth, and now the narrator has to tell how it ended. It begins with a single word, "however." King Solomon, however, loved many foreign women. Seven hundred wives, three hundred concubines, princesses from every nation God had warned Israel not to marry, and when he was old they did what the warning said they would: they turned his heart. The man who had seen the LORD twice built shrines on the hill east of Jerusalem for the gods of Sidon, Moab, and Ammon, and burned incense with his wives. God's verdict is exact. The kingdom will be torn away, but not in your lifetime, for your father David's sake, and not all of it, for Jerusalem's sake. Then the narrator shows the tearing already under way. Hadad of Edom, a boy who escaped Joab's massacre and was raised at Pharaoh's table, asks to go home. Rezon takes Damascus. And a capable young overseer named Jeroboam meets the prophet Ahijah on an empty road, watches him tear a new cloak into twelve pieces, and is handed ten of them with a promise: obey, and I will build you a house like David's. Solomon tries to have him killed, and he runs to Egypt to wait. The chapter ends the way the books of Kings end every reign, with a source, a number of years, a burial, and a son. The son is Rehoboam, and the cloak is about to tear.

Passi chiave

1 Kings 11:1-8 1 Kings 11:9-13 1 Kings 11:26-40 1 Kings 11:41-43 Deuteronomy 17:14-17 1 Kings 3:5-14

Historical and literary context

Solomon reigned in the tenth century BC, and his marriages were diplomacy: alliances with Egypt, Moab, Ammon, Edom, Sidon, and the Hittite states were sealed with royal daughters, each of whom brought her gods. The hill "east of Jerusalem" is the Mount of Olives, which later writers called the Mount of Corruption. Edom, Damascus, and the northern tribes were the three flanks of Solomon's empire, and the chapter shows each turning against him; the Assyrian and Egyptian records of the period confirm the rise of Aram-Damascus. Shishak, who shelters Jeroboam, is Pharaoh Shoshenq I, whose own inscription records a campaign into Israel after Solomon's death. The Book of the Acts of Solomon, cited in verse 41, is a lost source.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 8 describe the marriages, the turning of Solomon's heart, and the high places for foreign gods. Verses 9 to 13 give the LORD's anger and sentence, with the two mitigations for David's sake. Verses 14 to 22 tell Hadad's story, from the massacre in Edom to Pharaoh's court to his request to go home. Verses 23 to 25 introduce Rezon of Damascus. Verses 26 to 40 tell of Jeroboam: his rise in Solomon's service, Ahijah's acted prophecy with the twelve pieces of the cloak, the promise conditioned on obedience, and his flight to Egypt. Verses 41 to 43 close Solomon's reign with the source note, the forty years, his death, and Rehoboam's succession.

Why this chapter matters

The chapter is the Bible's great warning that wisdom does not protect the heart, and "his wives turned his heart away" has been a text on marriage and compromise ever since. It explains the division of the kingdom, the central fact of Israel's history for the next two centuries, as the consequence of idolatry rather than politics. Ahijah's torn cloak is one of the memorable prophetic signs, and the promise to Jeroboam, "I will build you a lasting dynasty just as I built for David," shows that the northern kingdom began with a genuine offer. The "lamp" for David in Jerusalem became the phrase for the survival of David's line, and thus of the messianic hope.

Interpretive tension to watch

The chapter blames Solomon's wives for his apostasy, and readers have to decide how much the narrator holds Solomon responsible for choices the text describes as his own love. The account of a king with a thousand wives sits beside Deuteronomy's rule that a king must not multiply wives, and beside the Song of Solomon's celebration of one beloved. God's sentence is delayed and softened for David's sake, which raises the question of how the sins of one generation fall on the next. And the three adversaries are said to be raised up by God, though Hadad's grievance and Jeroboam's ambition are entirely human, a tension the book leaves standing.

Domande per questo capitolo

Solomon's heart turned "when he grew old." What guards a heart over decades that a single good decision cannot?
God delays the judgment for David's sake and keeps one tribe for Jerusalem. What does that say about how God's promises and his judgments work together?
Jeroboam is offered a dynasty like David's if he obeys. Knowing how his story ends, what does the chapter teach about beginnings?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Aggiungi alle note

1 所罗门王在法老的女儿之外，又宠爱许多外邦女子，就是摩押女子、亚扪女子、以东女子、西顿女子、赫人女子。 2 论到这些国的人，耶和华曾晓谕以色列人说：「你们不可与她们往来相通，因为她们必诱惑你们的心去随从她们的神。」所罗门却恋爱这些女子。 3 所罗门有妃七百，都是公主；还有嫔三百。这些妃嫔诱惑他的心。 4 所罗门年老的时候，他的妃嫔诱惑他的心去随从别神，不效法他父亲大卫诚诚实实地顺服耶和华—他的　神。 5 因为所罗门随从西顿人的女神亚斯她录和亚扪人可憎的神米勒公。 6 所罗门行耶和华眼中看为恶的事，不效法他父亲大卫专心顺从耶和华。 7 所罗门为摩押可憎的神基抹和亚扪人可憎的神摩洛，在耶路撒冷对面的山上建筑邱[坛]。 8 他为那些向自己的神烧香献祭的外邦女子，就是他娶来的妃嫔也是这样行。 9 耶和华向所罗门发怒，因为他的心偏离向他两次显现的耶和华—以色列的　神。 10 耶和华曾吩咐他不可随从别神，他却没有遵守耶和华所吩咐的。 11 所以耶和华对他说：「你既行了这事，不遵守我所吩咐你守的约和律例，我必将你的国夺回，赐给你的臣子。 12 然而，因你父亲大卫的缘故，我不在你活着的日子行这事，必从你儿子的手中将国夺回。 13 只是我不将全国夺回，要因我仆人大卫和我所选择的耶路撒冷，还留一支派给你的儿子。」 14 耶和华使以东人哈达兴起，作所罗门的敌人；他是以东王的后裔。 15 先前大卫攻击以东，元帅约押上去葬埋阵亡的人，将以东的男丁都杀了。 16 约押和以色列众人在以东住了六个月，直到将以东的男丁尽都剪除。 17 那时哈达还是幼童；他和他父亲的臣仆，几个以东人逃往埃及。 18 他们从米甸起行，到了巴兰；从巴兰带着几个人来到埃及见埃及王法老；法老为他派定粮食，又给他房屋田地。 19 哈达在法老面前大蒙恩惠，以致法老将王后答比匿的妹子赐他为妻。 20 答比匿的妹子给哈达生了一个儿子，名叫基努拔。答比匿使基努拔在法老的宫里断奶，基努拔就与法老的众子一同住在法老的宫里。 21 哈达在埃及听见大卫与他列祖同睡，元帅约押也死了，就对法老说：「求王容我回本国去。」 22 法老对他说：「你在我这里有什么缺乏，你竟要回你本国去呢？」他回答说：「我没有缺乏什么，只是求王容我回去。」 23 神又使以利亚大的儿子利逊兴起，作所罗门的敌人。他先前逃避主人琐巴王哈大底谢。 24 大卫击杀琐巴人的时候，利逊招聚了一群人，自己作他们的头目，往大马士革居住，在那里作王。 25 所罗门活着的时候，哈达为患之外，利逊也作以色列的敌人。他恨恶以色列人，且作了亚兰人的王。 26 所罗门的臣仆、尼八的儿子耶罗波安也举手攻击王。他是以法莲支派的洗利达人，他母亲是寡妇，名叫洗鲁阿。 27 他举手攻击王的缘故，乃由先前所罗门建造米罗，修补他父亲大卫城的破口。 28 耶罗波安是大有才能的人。所罗门见这少年人殷勤，就派他监管约瑟家的一切工程。 29 一日，耶罗波安出了耶路撒冷，示罗人先知亚希雅在路上遇见他；[亚希雅]身上穿着一件新衣。他们二人在田野，以外并无别人。 30 亚希雅将自己穿的那件新衣撕成十二片， 31 对耶罗波安说：「你可以拿十片。耶和华—以色列的　神如此说：『我必将国从所罗门手里夺回，将十个支派赐给你。（ 32 我因仆人大卫和我在以色列众支派中所选择的耶路撒冷城的缘故，仍给所罗门留一个支派。） 33 因为他离弃我，敬拜西顿人的女神亚斯她录、摩押的神基抹，和亚扪人的神米勒公，没有遵从我的道，行我眼中看为正的事，[守]我的律例典章，像他父亲大卫一样。 34 但我不从他手里将全国夺回；使他终身为君，是因我所拣选的仆人大卫谨守我的诫命律例。 35 我必从他儿子的手里将国夺回，以十个支派赐给你， 36 还留一个支派给他的儿子，使我仆人大卫在我所选择立我名的耶路撒冷城里，在我面前长有灯光。 37 我必拣选你，使你照心里一切所愿的，作王治理以色列。 38 你若听从我一切所吩咐你的，遵行我的道，行我眼中看为正的事，谨守我的律例诫命，像我仆人大卫所行的，我就与你同在，为你立坚固的家，像我为大卫所立的一样，将以色列人赐给你。 39 我必因所罗门所行的使大卫后裔受患难，但不至于永远。』」 40 所罗门因此想要杀耶罗波安。耶罗波安却起身逃往埃及；到了埃及王示撒那里，就住在埃及，直到所罗门死了。 41 所罗门其余的事，凡他所行的和他的智慧都写在所罗门记上。 42 所罗门在耶路撒冷作以色列众人的王共四十年。 43 所罗门与他列祖同睡，葬在他父亲大卫的城里。他儿子罗波安接续他作王。

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