Ephesians 5

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Ephesians 5 tells believers to imitate God as beloved children and to walk in love, in light, and in wisdom. It warns against sexual immorality, greed, and crude talk, calls the church to wake from sleep, to redeem the time, and to be filled with the Spirit rather than with wine, singing psalms and giving thanks. Then it turns to the household, beginning with mutual submission, and gives the New Testament's fullest picture of marriage: husbands are to love their wives as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, and the union of two as one flesh is a profound mystery about Christ and the church.

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Ephesians 5 begins with an instruction that sounds impossible, "be imitators of God," and immediately makes it concrete: walk in love, the way Christ loved you and gave himself up. Everything else in the chapter is an application of that sentence. Paul first draws a line between darkness and light. The old life of immorality, greed, and crude talk is not to be argued with but left behind; believers were darkness and are now light, and they are to live like it, exposing what hides in the dark. A line that may be an early Christian hymn calls the sleeper to wake and the dead to rise. Then wisdom: make the most of the time, understand what the Lord wants, and instead of the fullness of wine seek the fullness of the Spirit, which shows itself in singing, thanksgiving, and mutual submission out of reverence for Christ. The chapter's last section is its most famous and most contested. Wives are addressed in three verses, husbands in nine, and the husband's standard is Christ on the cross, loving the church enough to die for her. Paul quotes Genesis, the two becoming one flesh, and then says the thing that lifts the whole passage: this is a profound mystery, and he is talking about Christ and the church. Marriage, in this chapter, is a picture of the gospel drawn in ordinary life.

Anahtar bölümler

Ephesians 5:1-2 Ephesians 5:8-14 Ephesians 5:15-21 Ephesians 5:25-33 Genesis 2:24

Historical and literary context

Paul wrote Ephesians from prison to churches in and around Ephesus, a city famous for its temple of Artemis and its magic, where new believers had come out of a world of pagan worship and loose morals. The first three chapters describe what God has done in Christ; chapters 4 to 6 describe the life that follows. The instructions to wives, husbands, children, and slaves adapt the standard "household code" of Greco-Roman moralists, but with a difference: every relationship is reframed by Christ, and the husband's role is defined by self-sacrifice rather than command.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 and 2 give the theme: imitate God, walk in love as Christ loved. Verses 3 to 14 contrast darkness and light, from immorality and greed, which is idolatry, to the fruit of the light in goodness, righteousness, and truth, ending with a call to wake up and rise from the dead. Verses 15 to 21 concern wisdom: redeeming the time, understanding the Lord's will, being filled with the Spirit, singing, giving thanks, and submitting to one another. Verses 22 to 33 address wives and husbands, grounding marriage in Christ's love for the church and in Genesis 2:24, and closing with love and respect.

Why this chapter matters

Ephesians 5 is the source of some of the most used and most argued-over lines in the New Testament. "Be filled with the Spirit" and the singing of psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs shaped Christian worship. "Redeeming the time" became a proverb. The marriage passage has been read at weddings for centuries and debated in every generation; its central demand is on husbands, who are told to love as Christ loved, to the point of giving themselves up. Verse 32, calling marriage a mystery about Christ and the church, gave the church its understanding of marriage as a living sign of the gospel.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 21, "submit to one another," introduces the household code, and verse 22 tells wives to submit to husbands. Readers disagree whether the passage teaches mutual submission that reshapes all the roles or a specific ordering within marriage. What is not in dispute is the passage's weight: three verses to wives, nine to husbands, and the model for the husband is a crucified Savior. Any reading that makes the passage about power has missed where Paul put the emphasis.

Bu bölüm için sorular

  • Paul contrasts being drunk with wine and being filled with the Spirit. What does the comparison suggest about what fullness of the Spirit looks like in a gathering?
  • The husband's model is Christ, who "gave Himself up" for the church. What would that kind of love cost in an ordinary week?
  • Verse 32 calls marriage a mystery about Christ and the church. How does that change what a marriage is for?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Notlara Ekle
1 Buďtež tedy následovníci Boží, jakožto synové milí. 2 A choďtež v lásce, jakož i Kristus miloval nás, a vydal sebe samého za nás, dar a obět Bohu u vůni rozkošnou. 3 Smilstvo pak a všeliká nečistota, neb lakomství, aniž jmenováno buď mezi vámi, jakož sluší na svaté, 4 A tolikéž mrzkost, ani bláznové mluvení, ani šprýmování, kteréžto věci jsou nenáležité, ale raději ať jest díků činění. 5 Víte zajisté o tom, že žádný smilník aneb nečistý, ani lakomec, (jenž jest modloslužebník,) nemá dědictví v království Kristově a Božím. 6 Žádný vás nesvoď marnými řečmi; nebo pro takové věci přichází hněv Boží na syny nepoddané. 7 Nebývejtež tedy účastníci jejich. 8 Byli jste zajisté někdy temnosti, ale již nyní jste světlo v Pánu. Jakožto synové světla choďte, 9 (Nebo ovoce Ducha záleží ve vší dobrotě, a spravedlnosti, a v pravdě,) 10 O to stojíce, což by se dobře líbilo Pánu. 11 A neobcujte s skutky neužitečnými tmy, ale raději je trescete. 12 Nebo což se tajně děje od nich, mrzko jest o tom i mluviti. 13 Všecko pak, což bývá trestáno, od světla bývá zjeveno; nebo to, což všecko zjevuje, světlo jest. 14 Protož praví: Probuď se ty, jenž spíš, a vstaň z mrtvých, a zasvítíť se tobě Kristus. 15 Viztež tedy, kterak byste opatrně chodili, ne jako nemoudří, ale jako moudří, 16 Vykupujíce čas; nebo dnové zlí jsou. 17 Protož nebývejte neopatrní, ale rozumějící, která by byla vůle Páně. 18 A neopíjejte se vínem, v němžto jest prostopášnost, ale naplněni buďte Duchem svatým, 19 Mluvíce sobě vespolek v žalmích, a v chvalách, a v písničkách duchovních, zpívajíce a plésajíce v srdcích vašich Pánu, 20 Díky činíce vždycky ze všeho ve jménu Pána našeho Jezukrista Bohu a Otci, 21 Poddáni jsouce jedni druhým v bázni Boží. 22 Ženy mužům svým poddány buďte jako Pánu. 23 Nebo muž jest hlava ženy, jako i Kristus jest hlava církve, a onť jest Spasitel těla. 24 A tak jakož církev poddána jest Kristu, tak i ženy mužům svým ať jsou poddány ve všem. 25 Muži milujte ženy své, jako i Kristus miloval církev, a vydal sebe samého za ni, 26 Aby ji posvětil, očistiv ji obmytím vody v slovu, 27 Aby ji sobě postavil slavnou církev, nemající poskvrny, ani vrásky, neb cokoli takového, ale aby byla svatá a bez úhony. 28 Takť jsou povinni muži milovati ženy své jako svá vlastní těla. Kdo miluje ženu svou, sebeť samého miluje. 29 Žádný zajisté nikdy těla svého neměl v nenávisti, ale krmí a chová je, jakožto i Pán církev. 30 Neboť jsme údové těla jeho, z masa jeho a z kostí jeho. 31 A protoť opustí člověk otce i matku, a připojí se k manželce své, i budouť dva jedno tělo. 32 Tajemství toto veliké jest, ale já pravím o Kristu a o církvi. 33 Avšak i vy, jeden každý z vás, manželku svou tak jako sám sebe miluj. Žena pak ať se bojí muže svého.

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