Revelation 9

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Revelation 9 sounds the fifth and sixth trumpets, the first two of the three "woes." A star fallen from heaven unlocks the Abyss, smoke pours out, and from the smoke come locusts with the power of scorpions, told to torment for five months only those without the seal of God. They look like war horses with human faces, women's hair, lions' teeth, iron breastplates, and stinging tails, and their king is the angel of the Abyss, Abaddon in Hebrew, Apollyon in Greek. The sixth trumpet releases four angels bound at the Euphrates and an army of two hundred million whose horses breathe fire, smoke, and sulfur, killing a third of humanity. The rest do not repent.

Buksan ang komentaryo ng kabanata

Revelation 9 is the chapter people have in mind when they call Revelation frightening, and it earns the reputation. The fifth trumpet sounds, a star that has fallen from heaven is handed the key to the Abyss, and when the shaft is opened, smoke pours out like a furnace and blots out the sun. Out of the smoke come locusts, but not locusts: they have the sting of scorpions, the look of horses armored for battle, human faces, women's hair, lions' teeth, iron breastplates, and wings that sound like an army of chariots. Their king is named Destroyer in two languages. Yet the most important words in the description are the limits. They may not touch the grass or the trees. They may not touch anyone who has the seal of God. They may not kill. They have five months. The sixth trumpet is worse, four angels released from the Euphrates at an hour fixed in advance, and behind them a cavalry of two hundred million whose horses breathe fire and sulfur and kill a third of the human race. John is drawing on the locust plague of Egypt, the locust army of Joel, and the Parthian horsemen every Roman feared, and piling the images on top of one another until they cannot be seen, only felt. Then the chapter ends with two quiet verses that are its real subject. The rest of mankind, the ones who survived, did not repent. They went on worshiping idols that cannot see or hear or walk, and went on with murder, sorcery, immorality, and theft. The trumpets have done all that terror can do, and it was not enough.

Mahahalagang sipi

Revelation 9:1-6 Revelation 9:13-16 Revelation 9:20-21 Joel 2:1-11 Exodus 10:12-15 Revelation 7:3

Historical and literary context

Locust swarms were the ancient world's most feared natural disaster, and John's description draws on the plague of Exodus 10 and on Joel 1 and 2, where locusts are pictured as an invading army with horses' faces and lions' teeth. The Euphrates was Rome's eastern frontier, beyond which lay the Parthians, whose cavalry were the terror of Roman armies; a vast mounted host from the east is what a first-century reader would picture. "Apollyon," the Destroyer, may be a barb at Domitian, who liked to be identified with the god Apollo, whose emblem was the locust. The five months match the natural span of a locust season. The refusal to repent echoes Pharaoh under the plagues.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 6, the fifth trumpet: the fallen star, the opened Abyss, the smoke, and the locusts with limited power and a five-month term of torment so severe that people will seek death. Verses 7 to 11 describe the locusts and name their king. Verse 12 marks the passing of the first woe. Verses 13 to 16, the sixth trumpet: the voice from the altar, the four angels at the Euphrates prepared for the exact hour, and the army of two hundred million. Verses 17 to 19 describe the horses of fire, smoke, and sulfur that kill a third of mankind. Verses 20 and 21 record that the survivors did not repent of idolatry, murder, sorcery, immorality, or theft.

Why this chapter matters

Revelation 9 is the book's most vivid picture of evil unleashed and yet limited: the locusts may torment but not kill, for five months, and only those without God's seal; the four angels are released at an appointed hour. Every horror is on a leash. The chapter's real weight falls on its last two verses, where plagues that should drive people to repentance do not. That diagnosis, that judgment by itself does not change hearts, prepares for the different strategy of chapters 10 and 11, where the church's witness, not the trumpets, brings people to give glory to God.

Interpretive tension to watch

Readers differ over whether the locusts and the horsemen are demonic forces, human armies described in visionary language, or both at once, and over whether the trumpets cover the whole age between the two comings or a final period. The "star that had fallen" is Satan to some interpreters and an angel sent by God to others; the text says the key "was given" to it, which keeps God in control either way. The plain sense of the chapter is easier than its symbols: evil is real, permitted, bounded, and does not have the last word.

Mga tanong para sa kabanatang ito

  • The locusts are told what they may and may not do, and for how long. What does that say about the limits of evil?
  • Verses 20 and 21 report that the survivors did not repent. Why might suffering harden people rather than turn them?
  • How does the seal of God in verse 4 relate to the sealing of chapter 7?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Idagdag sa Mga Tala
1 다섯째 천사가 나팔을 불매 내가 보니 하늘에서 땅에 떨어진 별 하나가 있는데 저가 무저갱의 열쇠를 받았더라 2 저가 무저갱을 여니 그 구멍에서 큰 풀무의 연기 같은 연기가 올라오매 해와 공기가 그 구멍의 연기로 인하여 어두워지며 3 또 황충이 연기 가운데로부터 땅위에 나오매 저희가 땅에 있는 전갈의 권세와 같은 권세를 받았더라 4 저희에게 이르시되 `땅의 풀이나 푸른 것이나 각종 수목은 해하지 말고 오직 이마에 하나님의 인 맞지 아니한 사람들만 해하라' 하시더라 5 그러나 그들을 죽이지는 못하게 하시고 다섯 달 동안 괴롭게만 하게 하시는데 그 괴롭게 함은 전갈이 사람을 쏠 때에 괴롭게 함과 같더라 6 그 날에는 사람들이 죽기를 구하여도 얻지 못하고 죽고 싶으나 죽음이 저희를 피하리로다 7 황충들의 모양은 전쟁을 위하여 예비한 말들 같고 그 머리에 금 같은 면류관 비슷한 것을 썼으며 그 얼굴은 사람의 얼굴 같고 8 또 여자의 머리털 같은 머리털이 있고 그 이는 사자의 이 같으며 9 또 철흉갑 같은 흉갑이 있고 그 날개들의 소리는 병거와 많은 말들이 전장으로 달려 들어가는 소리 같으며 10 또 전갈과 같은 꼬리와 쏘는 살이 있어 그 꼬리에는 다섯 달 동안 사람들을 해하는 권세가 있더라 11 저희에게 임금이 있으니 무저갱의 사자라 히브리 음으로 이름은 아바돈이요 헬라 음으로 이름은 아볼루온이더라 12 첫째 화는 지나갔으나 보라 아직도 이 후에 화 둘이 이르리로다 13 여섯째 천사가 나팔을 불매 내가 들으니 하나님 앞 금단 네 뿔에서 한 음성이 나서 14 나팔 가진 여섯째 천사에게 말하기를 `큰 강 유브라데에 결박한 네 천사를 놓아 주라' 하매 15 네 천사가 놓였으니 그들은 그 년,월,일,시에 이르러 사람 삼분의 일을 죽이기로 예비한 자들이더라 16 마병대의 수는 이만만이니 내가 그들의 수를 들었노라 17 이같이 이상한 가운데 그 말들과 그 탄 자들을 보니 불빛과 자주빛과 유황빛 흉갑이 있고 또 말들의 머리는 사자 머리 같고 그 입에서는 불과 연기와 유황이 나오더라 18 이 세 재앙 곧 저희 입에서 나오는 불과 연기와 유황을 인하여 사람 삼분의 일이 죽임을 당하니라 19 이 말들의 힘은 그 입과 그 꼬리에 있으니 그 꼬리는 뱀 같고 또 꼬리에 머리가 있어 이것으로 해하더라 20 이 재앙에 죽지 않고 남은 사람들은 그 손으로 행하는 일을 회개치 아니하고 오히려 여러 귀신과 또는 보거나 듣거나 다니거나 하지 못하는 금,은,동과 목석의 우상에게 절하고 21 또 그 살인과 복술과 음행과 도적질을 회개치 아니하더라

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