Matthew 10

Читайте эту главу с намерением

Matthew 10 is Jesus' mission discourse. He gives the twelve disciples authority over sickness and unclean spirits, names them, and sends them to the lost sheep of Israel with the message that the kingdom of heaven is near. The instructions cover travelling light, accepting hospitality, and shaking the dust off towns that refuse. Then the horizon widens: they will be flogged, tried before governors, betrayed by family, and hated for his name, yet the Spirit will give them words, and the Father who counts sparrows has numbered every hair on their heads. The chapter ends with the cost of discipleship, a cross to carry and a life to lose, and the reward for anyone who gives a disciple a cup of cold water.

Открыть комментарий к главе

Matthew 10 is the second of the five great speeches that give Matthew's Gospel its shape, and it is the one about being sent. Jesus has just looked at the crowds like sheep without a shepherd and told his disciples to pray for workers; now he makes them the workers. He gives the Twelve his own authority over disease and demons, names them, and sends them out with almost nothing: no money, no bag, no second tunic, no staff. They are to announce that the kingdom is near, heal, and move on, blessing the homes that welcome them and shaking the dust off the ones that do not. Then the speech changes register. It stops describing a short tour of Galilean villages and starts describing a lifetime. They will be handed over to councils, flogged in synagogues, dragged before governors, betrayed by their own brothers. Matthew has folded into this chapter words that Mark keeps for the end of the age, so that every later reader hears the instructions as addressed to them. The center of the speech is a small argument about fear. Do not fear the people who can only kill the body. Two sparrows sell for a penny and not one falls without your Father; the hairs of your head are counted; you are worth more than many sparrows. From there Jesus goes to the hardest words in the chapter, the sword that divides families and the cross that each follower must carry, and then, almost gently, to the last line: a cup of cold water given to one of these little ones will not lose its reward.

Ключевые места

Matthew 10:5-8 Matthew 10:16-20 Matthew 10:28-31 Matthew 10:37-39 Luke 9:1-6 Mark 13:9-13

Historical and literary context

Matthew gathers into one speech material that Mark and Luke spread across several settings, including sayings about persecution that Mark places in Jesus' teaching about the end of the age. The result reads as instructions for two audiences at once: the Twelve on their first tour of Galilean villages around AD 30, and Matthew's own church a generation later, facing synagogue discipline and Roman courts. The restriction to Israel in verse 5 reflects the first mission; the trials before governors and kings in verse 18 reflect the later one. Travelling teachers who depended on hospitality were a familiar feature of the Jewish and Greco-Roman world, and the rules about staying in one house and accepting what is offered echo that practice.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 4 give the authority and the names of the Twelve. Verses 5 to 15 give the marching orders: the audience, the message, the miracles, the packing list, and the response to welcome or rejection. Verses 16 to 23 predict persecution by courts, synagogues, and families, with the promise of the Spirit's help and the command to flee to the next town. Verses 24 to 33 argue from the disciple's likeness to the master, the sparrows, and the numbered hairs, to the call to confess Christ without fear. Verses 34 to 39 speak of the sword that divides families and the cross that must be carried. Verses 40 to 42 close with the rewards of receiving a disciple.

Why this chapter matters

This is the chapter that defines Christian mission as both sent and costly. "Freely you have received; freely give" in verse 8 shaped the church's refusal to charge for the gospel. "Sheep among wolves, shrewd as snakes and innocent as doves" in verse 16 is the classic description of the believer's posture in a hostile world. The sparrows and the numbered hairs of verses 29 to 31 have comforted the persecuted for two thousand years. "Whoever finds his life will lose it" in verse 39 is one of the most repeated sayings of Jesus, appearing in some form in all four Gospels.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 23 says the disciples will not finish the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes, a line that has been read as the resurrection, the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70, or the final return, none of which fits without remainder. Verse 5 restricts the mission to Israel while 28:19 sends the church to all nations; Matthew presents this as a sequence, not a contradiction. The sword of verse 34 sits uneasily beside the Prince of Peace until one notices that Jesus is describing the effect of loyalty to him on families, not a method he recommends.

Вопросы к этой главе

Jesus tells the Twelve to take no money, bag, or spare clothes. What does depending on the hospitality of strangers do to the way a message is delivered?
Verses 28 to 31 place "do not be afraid" next to a warning about the One who can destroy soul and body. How do those two fears relate?
The chapter says loyalty to Jesus will divide households. How should a disciple hold that alongside the command to honor father and mother?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

В заметки

1 And having called his twelve disciples together, he gave them power over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of diseases, and all manner of infirmities. 2 And the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, 3 James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the publican, and James the son of Alpheus, and Thaddeus, 4 Simon the Cananean, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. 5 These twelve Jesus sent: commanding them, saying: Go ye not into the way of the Gentiles, and into the city of the Samaritans enter ye not. 6 But go ye rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 And going, preach, saying: The kingdom of heaven is at hand. 8 Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, cast out devils: freely have you received, freely give. 9 Do not possess gold, nor silver, nor money in your purses: 10 Nor scrip for your journey, nor two coats, nor shoes, nor a staff; for the workman is worthy of his meat. 11 And into whatsoever city or town you shall enter, inquire who in it is worthy, and there abide till you go thence. 12 And when you come into the house, salute it, saying: Peace be to this house. 13 And if that house be worthy, your peace shall come upon it; but if it be not worthy, your peace shall return to you. 14 And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words: going forth out of that house or city shake off the dust from your feet. 15 Amen I say to you, it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city. 16 Behold I send you as sheep in the midst of wolves. Be ye therefore wise as serpents and simple as doves. 17 But beware of men. For they will deliver you up in councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues. 18 And you shall be brought before governors, and before kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the Gentiles: 19 But when they shall deliver you up, take no thought how or what to speak: for it shall be given you in that hour what to speak. 20 For it is not you that speak, but the Spirit of your Father that speaketh in you. 21 The brother also shall deliver up the brother to death, and the father the son: and the children shall rise up against their parents, and shall put them to death. 22 And you shall be hated by all men for my name’s sake: but he that shall persevere unto the end, he shall be saved. 23 And when they shall persecute you in this city, flee into another. Amen I say to you, you shall not finish all the cities of Israel, till the Son of man come. 24 The disciple is not above the master, nor the servant above his lord. 25 It is enough for the disciple that he be as his master, and the servant as his lord. If they have called the goodman of the house Beelzebub, how much more them of his household? 26 Therefore fear them not. For nothing is covered that shall not be revealed: nor hid, that shall not be known. 27 That which I tell you in the dark, speak ye in the light: and that which you hear in the ear, preach ye upon the housetops. 28 And fear ye not them that kill the body, and are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him that can destroy both soul and body in hell. 29 Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and not one of them shall fall on the ground without your Father. 30 But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. 31 Fear not therefore: better are you than many sparrows. 32 Every one therefore that shall confess me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven. 33 But he that shall deny me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven. 34 Do not think that I came to send peace upon earth: I came not to send peace, but the sword. 35 For I came to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. 36 And as a man’s enemies shall be they of his own household. 37 He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than me, is not worthy of me. 38 And he that taketh not up his cross, and followeth me, is not worthy of me. 39 He that findeth his life, shall lose it: and he that shall lose his life for me, shall find it. 40 He that receiveth you, receiveth me: and he that receiveth me, receiveth him that sent me. 41 He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet, shall receive the reward of a prophet: and he that receiveth a just man in the name of a just man, shall receive the reward of a just man. 42 And whosoever shall give to drink to one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, amen I say to you, he shall not lose his reward.

Превратите чтение в настоящее изучение

Зарегистрируйтесь, чтобы сохранять стихи, вести заметки и изучать с помощью ИИ.

Регистрация Войти

Выберите следующий шаг после этой главы Продолжайте читать, выберите план или продолжите изучение с AI.

Читать следующую главу Matthew 11 in Douay-Rheims 1899.

Планы чтения

Выберите план, если хотите превратить эту главу в постоянную привычку.

Спросить ИИ об этой главе

Продолжите изучение с AI, если текст вызывает вопросы или требует более глубокого понимания.

Следуйте темам, которые открывает эта глава Связанные тематические разделы для больших вопросов, которые могла открыть эта глава.

Все темы