1 Peter 2

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1 Peter 2 tells scattered, suffering Christians who they are and how to live among people who distrust them. They are newborn babies craving pure milk, living stones built on Christ the rejected cornerstone into a spiritual house, a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, once not a people and now God's people. As foreigners and exiles they are to live so honorably that slanderers end up glorifying God, to submit to emperor and governors, to honor everyone, and, in the case of household servants, to endure even unjust masters. The reason is Christ, who suffered without retaliating, bore our sins in his body on the tree, and by whose wounds we are healed, so that straying sheep have returned to the Shepherd.

장 주석 열기

1 Peter 2 is addressed to people who were being talked about. They lived in the towns of Asia Minor as a suspect minority, called evildoers by their neighbors, and Peter's first move is not to tell them how to behave but to tell them who they are. Newborn children hungry for pure milk. Living stones being fitted into a temple built on a stone that the builders threw away, which God made the cornerstone. And then the titles that once belonged only to Israel, given to former pagans: a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people God owns, called out of darkness into a light that Peter calls marvelous. You were not a people, he says, and now you are. Only after that does he say how to live. As strangers passing through, keep your conduct so clean that the slander falls apart on its own and the slanderers end up giving glory to God. Submit to the emperor and his governors, even under Nero, because free people do not need to use their freedom as a cover. Honor everyone. Then he speaks to the household servants, who could be beaten at their master's whim, and he does not pretend it is fair; he says unjust suffering borne for God's sake is a grace, because that is exactly what Christ did. He did not hit back or threaten, but handed himself over to the one who judges justly, and he carried our sins in his own body onto the tree so that by his wounds we could be healed. We were sheep wandering off, Peter ends, and now we have come back to the Shepherd.

핵심 본문

1 Peter 2:4-10 1 Peter 2:11-12 1 Peter 2:13-17 1 Peter 2:21-25 Isaiah 53:4-9 Exodus 19:5-6

Historical and literary context

Peter writes from "Babylon," almost certainly Rome, to churches across five provinces of Asia Minor, probably in the early 60s under Nero, before the great persecution but in a climate of suspicion, slander, and social pressure against Christians. The letter's "foreigners and exiles" reflects their status as a religious minority without civic standing. The stone texts are drawn from Isaiah 28, Psalm 118, and Isaiah 8, and the titles of verse 9 from Exodus 19 and Isaiah 43, transferring Israel's vocabulary to a mostly Gentile church. Household servants, addressed in verse 18, were a large part of early congregations and had no legal protection against harsh masters. Verses 22 to 25 weave together Isaiah 53.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 3 call for the shedding of malice and a craving for pure milk. Verses 4 to 8 develop the stone: Christ the living stone, believers as living stones and priests, and the three Old Testament stone texts with their contrast between believers and stumblers. Verses 9 and 10 give the four titles and the reversal from no-people to God's people. Verses 11 and 12 turn to conduct among Gentiles. Verses 13 to 17 concern submission to civil authority and honor for all. Verses 18 to 20 address servants under unjust masters. Verses 21 to 25 present Christ's suffering as example and atonement, in the words of Isaiah 53.

Why this chapter matters

Verse 9 is the New Testament's foundation for the priesthood of all believers, and its four titles have named churches, hymns, and movements. "By His stripes you are healed" in verse 24 is one of the most quoted lines on the atonement, and the picture of Christ who "when they heaped abuse on Him, did not retaliate" is the classic model for Christian nonretaliation. Verses 13 to 17 shaped Christian teaching on the state, and "honor the king" was a text of obedience through centuries of monarchy. The living stones and spiritual house gave the church its self-understanding as a temple built of people.

Interpretive tension to watch

The command to servants to submit even to unreasonable masters has been used to defend slavery, and readers must weigh Peter's aim, which is the dignity of those who suffer unjustly, against the misuse of his words. "Honor the king" was written under Nero, which raises the question of what submission to authority means when the authority is wicked, a question Peter answers with the limits implied by "fear God." The phrase "to this they were appointed" in verse 8 is a standing text in debates about predestination. Whether "by His stripes you are healed" promises physical healing is a further dispute; Peter applies it to sin and straying.

이 장을 위한 질문

Peter calls a scattered minority a chosen people, a royal priesthood, and a holy nation. How does knowing who you are change how you bear being distrusted?
He tells believers to live so well among outsiders that their slanderers end up praising God. What would that look like in your workplace or neighborhood?
Christ "did not retaliate" but "entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly." What makes it possible to absorb injustice without either revenge or despair?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

노트에 추가

1 Putting away therefore all wickedness, all deceit, hypocrisies, envies, and all evil speaking, 2 as newborn babies, long for the pure spiritual milk, that with it you may grow, 3 if indeed you have tasted that the Lord is gracious. 4 Come to him, a living stone, rejected indeed by men, but chosen by God, precious. 5 You also as living stones are built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God through Yeshua the Messiah. 6 Because it is contained in Scripture, “Behold, I lay in Zion a chief cornerstone, chosen and precious. He who believes in him will not be disappointed.” 7 For you who believe therefore is the honor, but for those who are disobedient, “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone,” 8 and, “a stumbling stone and a rock of offense.” For they stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed. 9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, that you may proclaim the excellence of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light. 10 In the past, you were not a people, but now are God’s people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy. 11 Beloved, I beg you as foreigners and pilgrims to abstain from fleshly lusts which war against the soul, 12 having good behavior among the nations, so in that of which they speak against you as evildoers, they may see your good works and glorify God in the day of visitation. 13 Therefore subject yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether to the king, as supreme, 14 or to governors, as sent by him for vengeance on evildoers and for praise to those who do well. 15 For this is the will of God, that by well-doing you should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men. 16 Live as free people, yet not using your freedom for a cloak of wickedness, but as bondservants of God. 17 Honor all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king. 18 Servants, be in subjection to your masters with all respect, not only to the good and gentle, but also to the wicked. 19 For it is commendable if someone endures pain, suffering unjustly, because of conscience toward God. 20 For what glory is it if, when you sin, you patiently endure beating? But if when you do well, you patiently endure suffering, this is commendable with God. 21 For you were called to this, because Messiah also suffered for us, leaving you an example, that you should follow his steps, 22 who didn’t sin, “neither was deceit found in his mouth.” 23 When he was cursed, he didn’t curse back. When he suffered, he didn’t threaten, but committed himself to him who judges righteously. 24 He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live to righteousness. You were healed by his wounds. 25 For you were going astray like sheep; but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls.

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