Acts 13

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Acts 13 is the beginning of the church's deliberate mission to the wider world. In Antioch the Holy Spirit sets apart Barnabas and Saul, and they sail to Cyprus, where a sorcerer is struck blind and a Roman proconsul believes. From there Saul, now called Paul, travels to Pisidian Antioch and preaches the chapter's centerpiece, a sermon in the synagogue that tells Israel's story from Egypt to David and then announces that God has raised Jesus, David's promised descendant, from the dead, so that forgiveness and justification are offered through him. The whole city gathers the next Sabbath; jealousy and opposition follow; and Paul and Barnabas turn to the Gentiles.

장 주석 열기

Acts 13 is where the church stops waiting for the world to come to it. In Antioch, during worship and fasting, the Holy Spirit tells the leaders to set apart Barnabas and Saul, and they go, first to Cyprus and then into the interior of Asia Minor. Cyprus gives the journey its first confrontation, a sorcerer named Elymas who tries to keep a Roman governor from the faith and is struck blind, and its first notable convert, the governor himself. Luke marks the moment by calling Saul "Paul" for the first time. Then comes the sermon that occupies the center of the chapter. Invited to speak in the synagogue of Pisidian Antioch, Paul tells the story his hearers already knew, Egypt, the wilderness, the judges, Saul, David, and lands it on Jesus, David's promised descendant, whom Jerusalem did not recognize and God raised from the dead, never to see decay. Through him, Paul says, forgiveness is proclaimed and everyone who believes is justified from everything the law of Moses could not justify them from. The response is enormous and divided. The whole city gathers the next Sabbath; some believe, others contradict, and Paul and Barnabas announce that they will turn to the Gentiles, quoting Isaiah's promise of a light to the nations. They are driven out. They shake the dust off their feet. And the disciples, Luke says, were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.

핵심 본문

Acts 13:1-3 Acts 13:26-39 Acts 13:46-48 Isaiah 49:6

Historical and literary context

Antioch in Syria was the first largely Gentile church and the base for the journeys that took the gospel across the Roman world. Cyprus was Barnabas's home island. Sergius Paulus was a genuine Roman governor, and his interest reflects the curiosity Judaism and its offshoots attracted among educated Romans. Pisidian Antioch, in the interior of Asia Minor, had a synagogue with both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles, the mixed audience Paul addresses. Luke marks the transition from "Saul" to "Paul" in this chapter, and John Mark's departure at Perga will later cause a rift between Paul and Barnabas.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 3 are the commissioning at Antioch by the Spirit, through fasting, prayer, and laying on of hands. Verses 4 to 12 are Cyprus: preaching in synagogues, the confrontation with Elymas, and the proconsul's faith. Verse 13 records John Mark leaving. Verses 14 to 41 are the sermon at Pisidian Antioch, recounting God's acts from the exodus through the judges, Saul, and David to Jesus, John the Baptist's witness, the crucifixion by those who did not recognize him, the resurrection with quotations from Psalm 2, Isaiah 55, and Psalm 16, and the offer of forgiveness with a warning from Habakkuk. Verses 42 to 52 tell of the crowds, the opposition, the turn to the Gentiles with Isaiah 49, the spread of the word, the expulsion, and the disciples' joy.

Why this chapter matters

Acts 13 records the first missionary journey and the sermon that shows how Paul preached to people who knew the Scriptures: as the completion of Israel's story in the resurrection of Jesus. Verse 39, "through Him everyone who believes is justified from everything you could not be justified from by the law of Moses," is the seed of the doctrine Paul will develop in Romans and Galatians. The turn to the Gentiles in verses 46 and 47, grounded in Isaiah's "light for the Gentiles," is a hinge of the whole book of Acts. The chapter also models mission as something the Spirit initiates and the church confirms through worship, fasting, and prayer.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 48 says that "all who were appointed for eternal life believed," while verse 46 says the opponents "do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life." The chapter places divine appointment and human refusal side by side without explaining how they relate, and Christian traditions have read that juxtaposition very differently. Luke seems content to let both stand.

이 장을 위한 질문

The mission begins while the church is worshiping and fasting. What does that setting suggest about how the church discerns its calling?
Paul preaches the resurrection by walking through Israel's history. Why might telling the whole story matter more than stating the conclusion?
When opposed, Paul and Barnabas turn to the Gentiles and quote Isaiah. How does rejection become an opening in this chapter?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

노트에 추가

1 Now there were in the church which was at Antioch, prophets and doctors, among whom was Barnabas, and Simon who was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manahen, who was the foster brother of Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. 2 And as they were ministering to the Lord, and fasting, the Holy Ghost said to them: Separate me Saul and Barnabas, for the work whereunto I have taken them. 3 Then they, fasting and praying, and imposing their hands upon them, sent them away. 4 So they being sent by the Holy Ghost, went to Seleucia: and from thence they sailed to Cyprus. 5 And when they were come to Salamina, they preached the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews. And they had John also in the ministry. 6 And when they had gone through the whole island, as far as Paphos, they found a certain man, a magician, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Bar-jesu: 7 Who was with the proconsul Sergius Paulus, a prudent man. He sending for Barnabas and Saul, desired to hear the word of God. 8 But Elymas the magician (for so his name is interpreted) withstood them, seeking to turn away the proconsul from the faith. 9 Then Saul, otherwise Paul, filled with the Holy Ghost, looking upon him, 10 Said: O full of all guile, and of all deceit, child of the devil, enemy of all justice, thou ceasest not to pervert the right ways of the Lord. 11 And now behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a time. And immediately there fell a mist and darkness upon him, and going about, he sought some one to lead him by the hand. 12 Then the proconsul, when he had seen what was done, believed, admiring at the doctrine of the Lord. 13 Now when Paul and they that were with him had sailed from Paphos, they came to Perge in Pamphylia. And John departing from them, returned to Jerusalem. 14 But they passing through Perge, came to Antioch in Pisidia: and entering into the synagogue on the sabbath day, they sat down. 15 And after the reading of the law and the prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent to them, saying: Ye men, brethren, if you have any word of exhortation to make to the people, speak. 16 Then Paul rising up, and with his hand bespeaking silence, said: Ye men of Israel, and you that fear God, give ear. 17 The God of the people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they were sojourners in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought them out from thence, 18 And for the space of forty years endured their manners in the desert. 19 And destroying seven nations in the land of Chanaan, divided their land among them, by lot, 20 As it were, after four hundred and fifty years: and after these things, he gave unto them judges, until Samuel the prophet. 21 And after that they desired a king: and God gave them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, forty years. 22 And when he had removed him, he raised them up David to be king: to whom giving testimony, he said: I have found David, the son of Jesse, a man according to my own heart, who shall do all my wills. 23 Of this man’s seed God according to his promise, hath raised up to Israel a Saviour, Jesus: 24 John first preaching, before his coming, the baptism of penance to all the people of Israel. 25 And when John was fulfilling his course, he said: I am not he, whom you think me to be: but behold, there cometh one after me, whose shoes of his feet I am not worthy to loose. 26 Men, brethren, children of the stock of Abraham, and whosoever among you fear God, to you the word of this salvation is sent. 27 For they that inhabited Jerusalem, and the rulers thereof, not knowing him, nor the voices of the prophets, which are read every sabbath, judging him have fulfilled them. 28 And finding no cause of death in him, they desired of Pilate, that they might kill him. 29 And when they had fulfilled all things that were written of him, taking him down from the tree, they laid him in a sepulchre. 30 But God raised him up from the dead the third day: 31 Who was seen for many days, by them who came up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who to this present are his witnesses to the people. 32 And we declare unto you, that the promise which was made to our fathers, 33 This same God hath fulfilled to our children, raising up Jesus, as in the second psalm also is written: Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee. 34 And to shew that he raised him up from the dead, not to return now any more to corruption, he said thus: I will give you the holy things of David faithful. 35 And therefore, in another place also, he saith: Thou shalt not suffer thy holy one to see corruption. 36 For David, when he had served in his generation, according to the will of God, slept: and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption. 37 But he whom God hath raised from the dead, saw no corruption. 38 Be it known therefore to you, men, brethren, that through him forgiveness of sins is preached to you: and from all the things, from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses. 39 In him every one that believeth, is justified. 40 Beware, therefore, lest that come upon you which is spoken in the prophets: 41 Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish: for I work a work in your days, a work which you will not believe, if any man shall tell it you. 42 And as they went out, they desired them, that on the next sabbath, they would speak unto them these words. 43 And when the synagogue was broken up, many of the Jews, and of the strangers who served God, followed Paul and Barnabas: who speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God. 44 But the next sabbath day, the whole city almost came together, to hear the word of God. 45 And the Jews seeing the multitudes, were filled with envy, and contradicted those things which were said by Paul, blaspheming. 46 Then Paul and Barnabas said boldly: To you it behoved us first to speak the word of God: but because you reject it, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, behold we turn to the Gentiles. 47 For so the Lord hath commanded us: I have set thee to be the light of the Gentiles; that thou mayest be for salvation unto the utmost part of the earth. 48 And the Gentiles hearing it, were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord: and as many as were ordained to life everlasting, believed. 49 And the word of the Lord was published throughout the whole country. 50 But the Jews stirred up religious and honourable women, and the chief men of the city, and raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas: and cast them out of their coasts. 51 But they, shaking off the dust of their feet against them, came to Iconium. 52 And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Ghost.

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