Mark 11

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Mark 11 brings Jesus into Jerusalem for the last week. He enters the city on a colt no one has ridden while the crowd spreads cloaks and branches and shouts "Hosanna," looks around the temple, and withdraws to Bethany. The next morning he curses a fig tree that has leaves but no fruit, then drives the traders and money changers out of the temple courts, quoting "house of prayer for all nations" and "den of robbers," so that the chief priests plan his death. The following morning the fig tree is withered, and Jesus teaches on faith that moves mountains, on prayer, and on forgiveness. Asked by what authority he acts, he asks about John's baptism; they refuse to answer, and so does he.

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Mark 11 is the beginning of the end, and Mark tells it with his usual speed and one carefully built sandwich. Jesus comes over the Mount of Olives on a borrowed colt that no one has ridden, and the crowd knows what it means: cloaks on the road, branches from the fields, Hosanna, blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David. It looks like a coronation. Then, anticlimax: he walks into the temple, looks at everything, and, because it is late, goes back out to Bethany. The next morning he is hungry and finds a fig tree covered in leaves and empty of fruit, and says, so the disciples hear it, that no one will ever eat from it again. Then he goes into the temple and turns it upside down, tables and money and dove cages, and stops the porters carrying goods through the courts, and says that the house that was meant to be a place of prayer for every nation has become a robbers' cave. The priests, who are afraid of him, start planning to kill him. The next morning the fig tree is dead to the roots, and that is when the sandwich closes: the tree with leaves and no fruit was the temple, and the withering is what is coming. Jesus turns it into a lesson about faith that can throw a mountain into the sea, about prayer that believes it has already received, and about forgiving before you pray. When the authorities finally confront him, demanding to know by what right he does these things, he asks them whether John's baptism was from heaven or from men, and they discover that they cannot answer either way without losing.

핵심 본문

Mark 11:1-11 Mark 11:12-14 Mark 11:15-19 Mark 11:20-25 Mark 11:27-33 Zechariah 9:9

Historical and literary context

The entry took place at Passover, when Jerusalem swelled with pilgrims and messianic hopes; a king riding a donkey fulfilled Zechariah 9, and the branches and Hosannas came from the pilgrim Psalm 118. Bethphage and Bethany lay on the east slope of the Mount of Olives. The traders sold sacrificial animals and the money changers converted coins into the Tyrian shekels required for the temple tax, both in the Court of the Gentiles, the only part of the temple open to non-Jews, which is why Jesus cites "for all nations." Figs in early April had small early fruit before the main crop; a tree in full leaf with nothing was a sign of barrenness, and the prophets had used the fig tree for Israel. Mark alone frames the temple action with the two halves of the fig tree story.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 11 narrate the colt, the entry, the acclamation, and the quiet look around the temple. Verses 12 to 14 are the cursing of the fig tree. Verses 15 to 19 are the clearing of the temple, the two Scripture quotations, the priests' fear and plotting, and the departure from the city. Verses 20 to 25 return to the withered tree and give the sayings on faith, prayer, and forgiveness. Verses 27 to 33 are the challenge to Jesus' authority in the temple and his counter-question about John's baptism.

Why this chapter matters

Palm Sunday and the cleansing of the temple are among the most depicted scenes of Jesus' life, and "my house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations" has been the church's text against making worship a marketplace. Mark's sandwich of the fig tree around the temple action makes the tree a judgment on a temple full of leaves and empty of fruit, and prepares for Jesus' prophecy of its destruction in chapter 13. "Have faith in God" and "whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you have received it" are foundational texts on prayer, and verse 25 links the prayer of faith to forgiveness in words close to the Lord's Prayer. The question of authority opens the series of confrontations that lead to the cross.

Interpretive tension to watch

Cursing a fig tree "since it was not the season for figs" seems unjust, and readers have explained the act as an enacted parable of the temple, as a search for early fruit that should have been there, or as Mark's honest note of a hard saying. What the temple action meant, a cleansing to restore worship, a protest against the priestly economy, or a prophetic sign of coming destruction, is debated, as is whether such an act in the vast Court of the Gentiles could have been more than symbolic. The promise that prayer with faith can move mountains raises the question of unanswered prayer, which verse 25 partly addresses by tying it to forgiveness.

이 장을 위한 질문

Mark wraps the temple scene inside the fig tree story. What does a tree with leaves and no fruit say about religion that looks alive?
Jesus quotes "a house of prayer for all the nations" while standing in the one court open to Gentiles. Who is crowded out of your community's worship?
Jesus ties mountain-moving prayer to forgiving others. Why would unforgiveness get in the way of prayer?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

노트에 추가

1 耶稣和门徒将近耶路撒冷，到了伯法其和伯大尼，在橄榄山那里；耶稣就打发两个门徒， 2 对他们说：「你们往对面村子里去，一进去的时候，必看见一匹驴驹拴在那里，是从来没有人骑过的，可以解开，牵来。 3 若有人对你们说：『为什么做这事？』你们就说：『主要用它。』那人必立时让你们牵来。」 4 他们去了，便看见一匹驴驹拴在门外街道上，就把它解开。 5 在那里站着的人，有几个说：「你们解驴驹做什么？」 6 门徒照着耶稣所说的回答，那些人就任凭他们牵去了。 7 他们把驴驹牵到耶稣那里，把自己的衣服搭在上面，耶稣就骑上。 8 有许多人把衣服铺在路上，也有人把田间的树枝砍下来，铺在路上。 9 前行后随的人都喊着说：和散那！奉主名来的是应当称颂的！ 10 那将要来的我祖大卫之国是应当称颂的！高高在上和散那！ 11 耶稣进了耶路撒冷，入了[圣]殿，周围看了各样物件。天色已晚，就和十二个门徒出城，往伯大尼去了。 12 第二天，他们从伯大尼出来，耶稣饿了。 13 远远地看见一棵无花果树，树上有叶子，就往那里去，或者在树上可以找着什么。到了树下，竟找不着什么，不过有叶子，因为不是收无花果的时候。 14 耶稣就对树说：「从今以后，永没有人吃你的果子。」他的门徒也听见了。 15 他们来到耶路撒冷。耶稣进入[圣]殿，赶出殿里做买卖的人，推倒兑换银钱之人的桌子和卖鸽子之人的凳子； 16 也不许人拿着器具从殿里经过； 17 便教训他们说：「[经上]不是记着说：我的殿必称为万国祷告的殿吗？你们倒使它成为贼窝了。」 18 祭司长和文士听见这话，就想法子要除灭耶稣，却又怕他，因为众人都希奇他的教训。 19 每天晚上，耶稣出城去。 20 早晨，他们从那里经过，看见无花果树连根都枯干了。 21 彼得想起耶稣的话来，就对他说：「拉比，请看！你所咒诅的无花果树已经枯干了。」 22 耶稣回答说：「你们当信服　神。 23 我实在告诉你们，无论何人对这座山说：『你挪开此地，投在海里！』他若心里不疑惑，只信他所说的必成，就必给他成了。 24 所以我告诉你们，凡你们祷告祈求的，无论是什么，只要信是得着的，就必得着。 25 你们站着祷告的时候，若想起有人得罪你们，就当饶恕他，好叫你们在天上的父也饶恕你们的过犯。 26 你们若不饶恕人，你们在天上的父也不饶恕你们的过犯。」 27 他们又来到耶路撒冷。耶稣在殿里行走的时候，祭司长和文士并长老进前来， 28 问他说：「你仗着什么权柄做这些事？给你这权柄的是谁呢？」 29 耶稣对他们说：「我要问你们一句话，你们回答我，我就告诉你们我仗着什么权柄做这些事。 30 约翰的洗礼是从天上来的？是从人间来的呢？你们可以回答我。」 31 他们彼此商议说：「我们若说『从天上来』，他必说：『这样，你们为什么不信他呢？』 32 若说『从人间来』，却又怕百姓，因为众人真以约翰为先知。」 33 于是回答耶稣说：「我们不知道。」耶稣说：「我也不告诉你们我仗着什么权柄做这些事。」

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