Proverbs 14

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Proverbs 14 gathers sayings about the difference between wisdom and folly as it shows up in houses, hearts, words, work, and nations. It contains one of the book's most sobering lines, "There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death," and some of its most tender: the heart knows its own bitterness, even in laughter the heart may ache, a tranquil heart is life to the body. It insists that how a people treat the poor is how they treat their Maker, and that righteousness exalts a nation.

장 주석 열기

Proverbs 14 opens with a house built by a wise woman and torn down by a foolish one, and it keeps returning to what builds and what destroys. The fool's proud speech brings a rod to his back; the wise are protected by their lips. The empty manger is clean, but the harvest comes through the strength of the ox, a proverb that has consoled everyone who has ever cleaned up after productive work. Then the chapter goes somewhere Proverbs rarely goes, inside the heart. It knows its own bitterness, and no stranger shares its joy. Even in laughter it may ache. And in the middle sits the line that the book repeats later because it matters so much: there is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death. The chapter's closing verses are its heaviest. The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life and a refuge for one's children. A patient person has great understanding. A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Whoever oppresses the poor taunts their Maker. Righteousness exalts a nation. Read it slowly, one saying at a time, the way it was written to be read, and let the contrasts do their work.

핵심 본문

Proverbs 14:1-4 Proverbs 14:10-13 Proverbs 14:26-31 Proverbs 14:34 Proverbs 16:25

Historical and literary context

The chapter belongs to the Solomonic collection of two-line proverbs in chapters 10 to 22, teaching material for young Israelites learning to live well in family, trade, court, and kingdom. Its references to the manger and the ox, the witness in court, the king and his subjects, and the poor at the gate reflect an agrarian society governed by elders and a monarch. Its sayings were meant to be memorized and turned over, not read once.

How the chapter unfolds

Like its neighbors, the chapter is a sequence of contrasts without a strict outline, but themes cluster. Verses 1 to 9 concern the wise and the fool in house, speech, and work, including the empty manger that comes with no oxen. Verses 10 to 15 turn inward to the heart: its private bitterness, laughter that hides ache, the way that seems right, the simple who believe everything. Verses 16 to 25 contrast prudence with rashness, the poor with the rich, and truthful with lying witnesses. Verses 26 to 35 gather the chapter's weightiest sayings on the fear of the LORD, patience, a tranquil heart, the poor and their Maker, refuge in death, and the righteousness that exalts a nation.

Why this chapter matters

Proverbs 14:12 is one of the most quoted verses in the book, repeated word for word in 16:25, and it names the central danger wisdom exists to address: sincere self-confidence on a path that ends in death. The chapter also offers rare psychological realism for its age, acknowledging private grief no one else can share and joy that ends in sorrow. Verse 31, "Whoever oppresses the poor taunts their Maker," grounds social justice in the doctrine of creation, and verse 34 has been quoted about nations for centuries. Verse 26 promises that the fear of the LORD gives security not only to a person but to their children.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 20 observes that the poor are hated even by their neighbors while the rich have many friends, and the next verse calls despising a neighbor a sin. Is Proverbs describing how the world works or prescribing how it should? The book does both, often in adjacent lines, and the reader has to notice the shift. Reading verse 20 as diagnosis and verse 21 as instruction is the wisdom the chapter is trying to teach.

이 장을 위한 질문

Verse 12 warns of a way that seems right and ends in death. What makes a wrong path feel right, and what does the chapter offer as a check?
Verses 10 and 13 admit that hearts carry bitterness and ache that others cannot see. How should that shape the way you treat people who seem fine?
Verse 31 says oppressing the poor taunts their Maker. What follows from that for how a community treats its most vulnerable?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

노트에 추가

1 Wise women build houses: but a foolish one digs [hers] down with her hands. 2 He that walks uprightly fears the Lord; but he that is perverse in his ways shall be dishonoured. 3 Out of the mouth of fools [comes] a rod of pride; but the lips of the wise preserve them. 4 Where no oxen are, the cribs are clean; but where there is abundant produce, the strength of the ox is apparent. 5 A faithful witness does not lie; but an unjust witness kindles falsehoods. 6 Thou shalt seek wisdom with bad men, and shalt not find it; but discretion is easily available with the prudent. 7 All things are adverse to a foolish man; but wise lips are the weapons of discretion. 8 The wisdom of the prudent will understand their ways; but the folly of fools leads astray. 9 The houses of transgressors will need purification; but the houses of the just are acceptable. 10 [If] a man's mind is intelligent, his soul is sorrowful; and when he rejoices, he has no fellowship with pride. 11 The houses of ungodly men shall be utterly destroyed; but the tabernacles of them that walk uprightly shall stand. 12 There is a way which seems to be right with men, but the ends of it reach to the depth of hell. 13 Grief mingles not with mirth; and joy in the end comes to grief. 14 A stout-hearted [man] shall be filled with his own ways; and a good man with his own thoughts. 15 The simple believes every word: but the prudent man betakes himself to after-thought. 16 A wise man fears, and departs from evil; but the fool trusts in himself, and joins himself with the transgressor. 17 A passionate man acts inconsiderately; but a sensible man bears up under many things. 18 Fools shall have mischief for their portion; but the prudent shall take fast hold of understanding. 19 Evil men shall fall before the good; and the ungodly shall attend at the gates of the righteous. 20 Friends will hate poor friends; but the friends of the rich are many. 21 He that dishonours the needy sins: but he that has pity on the poor is most blessed. 22 They that go astray devise evils: but the good devise mercy and truth. The framers of evil do not understand mercy and truth: but compassion and faithfulness are with the framers of good. 23 With every one [who is] careful there is abundance: but the pleasure-taking and indolent shall be in want. 24 A prudent man is the crown of the wise: but the occupation of fools is evil. 25 A faithful witness shall deliver a soul from evil: but a deceitful [man] kindles falsehoods. 26 In the fear of the Lord is strong confidence: and he leaves his children a support. 27 The commandment of the Lord is a fountain of life; and it causes [men] to turn aside from the snare of death. 28 In a populous nation is the glory of a king: but in the failure of people is the ruin of a prince. 29 A man slow to wrath abounds in wisdom: but a man of impatient spirit is very foolish. 30 A meek-spirited man is a healer of the heart: but a sensitive heart is a corruption of the bones. 31 He that oppresses the needy provokes his Maker: but he that honours him has pity upon the poor. 32 The ungodly shall be driven away in his wickedness: but he who is secure in his own holiness is just. 33 There is wisdom in the good heart of a man: but in the heart of fools it is not discerned. 34 Righteousness exalts a nation: but sins diminish tribes. 35 An understanding servant is acceptable to a king; and by his good behaviour he removes disgrace.

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