1 Corinthians 3

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1 Corinthians 3 confronts a church that had split into fan clubs. Paul says he had to feed the Corinthians milk, not solid food, because their jealousy and quarrelling over "I follow Paul" and "I follow Apollos" prove they are still worldly. Paul and Apollos are only servants: one planted, the other watered, but God made it grow. The church is God's field and God's building on the one foundation, Jesus Christ; whoever builds on it with gold or with straw will have the work tested by fire, rewarded if it survives, lost if it burns, though the builder is saved. The Corinthians are God's temple. So stop boasting in men: everything is yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's.

장 주석 열기

1 Corinthians 3 is Paul talking to a church that had turned its teachers into teams. Some said they followed Paul, some Apollos, and they argued about it, and Paul's response is not flattered. I could not talk to you as grown-ups, he says; I had to give you milk, and you are still not ready for anything else, because a church that competes over its preachers is behaving like everyone else in Corinth. Then he shrinks the preachers down to size. What is Apollos? What is Paul? Waiters, servants, through whom you came to believe. I planted, Apollos watered, and neither of us is anything, because God made it grow. You are God's field. You are God's building. From there Paul builds the image up. He laid the foundation, and there is only one foundation anyone can lay, Jesus Christ; other people are now building on it, and they had better watch what they use. Gold, silver, and precious stones, or wood, hay, and straw: the Day will come with fire and show which was which. Work that survives will be rewarded. Work that burns will be lost, and the builder himself will get out, but only like a man running from a burning house. Then the sharpest line in the chapter: do you not know that you, all of you together, are God's temple, and that God's Spirit lives in you? Whoever wrecks that temple, God will wreck. And having said that, Paul turns it all inside out. Stop boasting about which man you belong to. Paul, Apollos, Peter, the world, life, death, the present, the future, all of it belongs to you, and you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God.

핵심 본문

1 Corinthians 3:1-4 1 Corinthians 3:5-9 1 Corinthians 3:10-15 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 1 Corinthians 1:10-13 1 Corinthians 6:19-20

Historical and literary context

Paul wrote from Ephesus around AD 54 or 55 to the church he had founded in Corinth about three years earlier. Apollos, an eloquent Alexandrian Jew, had taught there after him, and Corinth's culture of rhetoric and patronage, in which people attached themselves to celebrated teachers, had produced rival parties. Fields and buildings were the two standard images for a community in the ancient world, and the list of building materials runs from a temple's costly stones to the cheap thatch of a house. Fire as a test of workmanship, and the Day of the Lord as fire, come from the prophets. Verse 16 makes the congregation, not a structure, the temple of God, a striking claim while the Jerusalem temple still stood.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 4 diagnose the Corinthians as infants and worldly because of their factions. Verses 5 to 9 reframe Paul and Apollos as servants, planter and waterer, with God as the one who gives growth, and the church as God's field and building. Verses 10 to 15 develop the building: the foundation of Christ, the materials, the testing fire, reward and loss. Verses 16 and 17 declare the church God's temple and warn whoever destroys it. Verses 18 to 20 return to worldly wisdom with two Scripture quotations. Verses 21 to 23 conclude: no boasting in men, since all things belong to those who belong to Christ.

Why this chapter matters

"I planted, Apollos watered, but God made it grow" is the Bible's standard text on ministry as service rather than celebrity, and the church as "God's field, God's building" has named countless congregations. The builder whose work burns but who is himself "saved, but only as if through the flames" became a key text in the medieval doctrine of purgatory and in Protestant debates about rewards. "You yourselves are God's temple" grounded the church's sense of itself as the place where God dwells, and the warning against destroying that temple has been read as one of Scripture's sternest words against dividing a congregation. "All things are yours" is a rare New Testament note of sheer abundance.

Interpretive tension to watch

Whether verses 12 to 15 describe the judgment of ministers' work or of every Christian's life, and whether "saved as through fire" implies a purifying fire after death, has divided Catholic and Protestant interpreters since the Reformation. The temple in verse 16 is the community, but the same image in chapter 6 is the individual body, and readers sometimes swap the two. Paul's claim that the Corinthians are "not yet ready for solid food" has been used to rank Christians into classes, which is closer to the Corinthian error than to Paul. And "all things are yours," said to a church he has just called infants, shows how Paul mixes rebuke and lavish affirmation.

이 장을 위한 질문

Paul calls loyalty to favorite teachers a mark of immaturity. Where does that instinct show up in churches today, and why is it so attractive?
Work built on Christ will be tested by fire. What in your work would survive, and what is straw?
"You yourselves are God's temple" is addressed to a divided congregation. What does it mean to treat the people you disagree with as the place where God lives?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

노트에 추가

1 A já, bratří, nemohl jsem vám mluviti jako duchovním, ale jako tělesným, jako maličkým v Kristu. 2 Mlékem jsem vás živil, a ne pokrmem; nebo jste ještě nemohli pokrmů tvrdších užívati, ano i nyní ještě nemůžete. 3 Ještě zajisté tělesní jste. Poněvadžť jest mezi vámi nenávist, svárové a různice, zdaž ještě tělesní nejste? a tak podle člověka chodíte. 4 Nebo když někdo říká: Jáť jsem Pavlův, jiný pak: Já Apollův, zdaliž nejste tělesní? 5 Nebo kdo jest Pavel, a kdo jest Apollo, než služebníci, skrze něž jste uvěřili, a jakž jednomu každému dal Pán? 6 Jáť jsem štípil, Apollo zaléval, ale Bůh dal zrůst. 7 A protož ani ten, kdož štěpuje, nic není, ani ten, jenž zalévá, ale ten, kterýž zrůst dává, Bůh. 8 Ten pak, kdož štěpuje, a ten, kdož zalévá, jedno jsou, avšak jeden každý vlastní odplatu vezme podle své práce. 9 Božíť jsme zajisté pomocníci, Boží rolí, Boží vzdělání jste. 10 Já podle milosti Boží mně dané, jako moudrý stavitel, základ jsem založil, jiný pak na něm staví. Ale jeden každý viz, jak na něm staví. 11 Nebo základu jiného žádný položiti nemůž, mimo ten, kterýž položen jest, jenž jest Ježíš Kristus. 12 Staví-liť pak kdo na ten základ zlato, stříbro, kamení drahé, dříví, seno, strniště, 13 Jednohoť každého dílo zjeveno bude. Den zajisté to všecko okáže; nebo v ohni zjeví se, a jednoho každého dílo, jaké by bylo, oheň zprubuje. 14 Zůstane-liť čí dílo, kteréž na něm stavěl, vezme odplatu. 15 Pakliť čí dílo shoří, tenť vezme škodu, ale sám spasen bude, avšak tak jako skrze oheň. 16 Zdaliž nevíte, že chrám Boží jste, a Duch Boží v vás přebývá? 17 Jestližeť kdo chrámu Božího poskvrňuje, tohoť zatratí Bůh; nebo chrám Boží svatý jest, jenž jste vy. 18 Žádný sám sebe nesvoď. Zdá-li se komu z vás, že jest moudrý na tomto světě, budiž bláznem, aby byl učiněn moudrým. 19 Moudrost zajisté světa tohoto bláznovství jest u Boha. Nebo psáno jest: Kterýž zlapá moudré v chytrosti jejich. 20 A opět: Znáť Pán přemyšlování moudrých, že jsou marná. 21 A tak nechlubiž se žádný lidmi; nebo všecky věci vaše jsou. 22 Buďto Pavel, buďto Apollo, buďto Petr, buďto svět, buďto život, buďto smrt, buďto přítomné věci, buďto budoucí, všecko jest vaše, 23 Vy pak Kristovi, a Kristus Boží.

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