John 8

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John 8 contains the story of the woman caught in adultery and the longest debate in the Gospels between Jesus and the religious leaders of Jerusalem. The scribes and Pharisees bring the woman to trap him; he writes on the ground and says that whoever is without sin should throw the first stone, and one by one they leave. Then, in the temple courts, Jesus declares "I am the light of the world," defends the validity of his testimony, warns that his hearers will die in their sins unless they believe, and tells those who had believed that the truth will set them free. The argument over Abraham's children turns bitter, ends with "before Abraham was born, I am," and they pick up stones.

장 주석 열기

John 8 opens at dawn in the temple courts with a trap. A woman caught in adultery is dragged before Jesus, and he is asked whether the law of Moses should be carried out; if he says yes, he has taken a life into his hands, and if he says no, he has set aside the law. He bends down and writes in the dust, and when they keep pressing, he straightens up and says that the one without sin should throw the first stone. They leave, oldest first. Alone with her, he neither condemns nor excuses: go, and sin no more. Most early manuscripts do not have this story, and most Bibles mark that, but almost everyone agrees that it sounds exactly like him. What follows is the longest and hardest argument in the Gospels. Against the backdrop of the festival lamps in the Court of the Women, Jesus says he is the light of the world. His hearers challenge his right to speak for himself, and he answers that the Father testifies with him. He tells them they will die in their sins unless they believe who he is, and many do believe. Then, to those very believers, he says that the truth will free them if they hold to his word, and the conversation collapses. They are Abraham's children and have never been slaves; he says everyone who sins is a slave; they say God is their Father; he says that if that were true they would love him. The exchange becomes as bitter as any in the New Testament, and it ends with the most staggering claim in the book, "before Abraham was born, I am," and stones in their hands.

핵심 본문

John 8:1-11 John 8:12 John 8:31-36 John 8:56-59 Exodus 3:14 John 1:4-5

Historical and literary context

The story of the woman, 7:53 to 8:11, is missing from the earliest and best manuscripts of John and appears in different places in others; most scholars think it is an authentic memory of Jesus preserved outside John and added later, which is why modern Bibles set it off with brackets. The rest of the chapter continues the Feast of Tabernacles setting of chapter 7. During that feast great lamps were lit in the Court of the Women, near the treasury named in verse 20, which gives "I am the light of the world" its setting. The debate over descent from Abraham reflects first-century Jewish confidence in covenant birth, and "before Abraham was, I am" echoes the divine name of Exodus 3:14, which is why the response is an attempt to stone him.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 11: the woman caught in adultery, the trap, the writing on the ground, the departure of the accusers, and "Neither do I condemn you; go and sin no more." Verses 12 to 20: the light of the world and the dispute over self-testimony, with the Father as second witness. Verses 21 to 30: "Where I am going, you cannot come," from above and from below, and many believe. Verses 31 to 47: the truth that frees, slavery to sin, children of Abraham and children of the devil. Verses 48 to 59: the charge of demon possession, "if anyone keeps My word, he will never see death," the claim to precede Abraham, and the stones.

Why this chapter matters

Verse 7, "Let him who is without sin among you be the first to cast a stone," and verse 32, "the truth will set you free," are among the best known sentences in the world, the second inscribed on universities and government buildings that rarely quote the verse before it, "if you continue in My word." Verse 12 is one of John's seven "I am" sayings with a predicate, and verse 58 is the climactic one without, the clearest claim to divinity in the Gospel. The shape of the whole chapter, an invitation that hardens into conflict, is John's picture of what happens when light meets those who prefer the dark.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 44, "You belong to your father, the devil," was addressed to a specific group of Judean opponents in a first-century argument among Jews, but it has been torn from that setting for centuries to justify hatred of Jews, a history any honest reading must acknowledge. The status of the adultery story is a second tension: its authenticity as text is doubtful while its authenticity as a portrait of Jesus is widely accepted. Finally, the chapter says both that "many believed" and that those believers wanted to kill him, a sequence that raises the question of what believing amounts to.

이 장을 위한 질문

Jesus neither condemns the woman nor excuses her. How do "neither do I condemn you" and "sin no more" belong together?
Verse 32 is quoted everywhere without verse 31. What does "continue in My word" add to "the truth will set you free"?
The chapter moves from "many believed" to picking up stones. What kind of belief survives being told the truth?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

노트에 추가

1 But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. 2 Early in the morning He went back into the temple courts. All the people came to Him, and He sat down to teach them. 3 The scribes and Pharisees, however, brought to Him a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before them 4 and said, “Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. 5 In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such a woman. So what do You say?” 6 They said this to test Him, in order to have a basis for accusing Him. But Jesus bent down and began to write on the ground with His finger. 7 When they continued to question Him, He straightened up and said to them, “Let him who is without sin among you be the first to cast a stone at her.” 8 And again He bent down and wrote on the ground. 9 When they heard this, they began to go away one by one, beginning with the older ones, until only Jesus was left, with the woman standing there. 10 Then Jesus straightened up and asked her, “Woman, where are your accusers? Has no one condemned you?” 11 “No one, Lord,” she answered. “Then neither do I condemn you,” Jesus declared. “Now go and sin no more.” 12 Once again, Jesus spoke to the people and said, “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows Me will never walk in the darkness, but will have the light of life.” 13 So the Pharisees said to Him, “You are testifying about Yourself; Your testimony is not valid.” 14 Jesus replied, “Even if I testify about Myself, My testimony is valid, because I know where I came from and where I am going. But you do not know where I came from or where I am going. 15 You judge according to the flesh; I judge no one. 16 But even if I do judge, My judgment is true, because I am not alone; I am with the Father who sent Me. 17 Even in your own Law it is written that the testimony of two men is valid. 18 I am One who testifies about Myself, and the Father, who sent Me, also testifies about Me.” 19 “Where is Your Father?” they asked Him. “You do not know Me or My Father,” Jesus answered. “If you knew Me, you would know My Father as well.” 20 He spoke these words while teaching in the temple courts, near the treasury. Yet no one seized Him, because His hour had not yet come. 21 Again He said to them, “I am going away, and you will look for Me, but you will die in your sin. Where I am going, you cannot come.” 22 So the Jews began to ask, “Will He kill Himself, since He says, ‘Where I am going, you cannot come’?” 23 Then He told them, “You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world. 24 That is why I told you that you would die in your sins. For unless you believe that I am He, you will die in your sins.” 25 “Who are You?” they asked. “Just what I have been telling you from the beginning,” Jesus replied. 26 “I have much to say about you and much to judge. But the One who sent Me is truthful, and what I have heard from Him, I tell the world.” 27 They did not understand that He was telling them about the Father. 28 So Jesus said, “When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am He, and that I do nothing on My own, but speak exactly what the Father has taught Me. 29 He who sent Me is with Me. He has not left Me alone, because I always do what pleases Him.” 30 As Jesus spoke these things, many believed in Him. 31 So He said to the Jews who had believed Him, “If you continue in My word, you are truly My disciples. 32 Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” 33 “We are Abraham’s descendants,” they answered. “We have never been slaves to anyone. How can You say we will be set free?” 34 Jesus replied, “Truly, truly, I tell you, everyone who sins is a slave to sin. 35 A slave is not a permanent member of the family, but a son belongs to it forever. 36 So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. 37 I know you are Abraham’s descendants, but you are trying to kill Me because My word has no place within you. 38 I speak of what I have seen in the presence of the Father, and you do what you have heard from your father.” 39 “Abraham is our father,” they replied. “If you were children of Abraham,” said Jesus, “you would do the works of Abraham. 40 But now you are trying to kill Me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. Abraham never did such a thing. 41 You are doing the works of your father.” “We are not illegitimate children,” they declared. “Our only Father is God Himself.” 42 Jesus said to them, “If God were your Father, you would love Me, for I have come here from God. I have not come on My own, but He sent Me. 43 Why do you not understand what I am saying? It is because you are unable to accept My message. 44 You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out his desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, refusing to uphold the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, because he is a liar and the father of lies. 45 But because I speak the truth, you do not believe Me! 46 Which of you can prove Me guilty of sin? If I speak the truth, why do you not believe Me? 47 Whoever belongs to God hears the words of God. The reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God.” 48 The Jews answered Him, “Are we not right to say that You are a Samaritan and You have a demon?” 49 “I do not have a demon,” Jesus replied, “but I honor My Father, and you dishonor Me. 50 I do not seek My own glory. There is One who seeks it, and He is the Judge. 51 Truly, truly, I tell you, if anyone keeps My word, he will never see death.” 52 “Now we know that You have a demon!” declared the Jews. “Abraham died, and so did the prophets, yet You say that anyone who keeps Your word will never taste death. 53 Are You greater than our father Abraham? He died, as did the prophets. Who do You claim to be?” 54 Jesus answered, “If I glorify Myself, My glory means nothing. The One who glorifies Me is My Father, of whom you say ‘He is our God.’ 55 You do not know Him, but I know Him. If I said I did not know Him, I would be a liar like you. But I do know Him, and I keep His word. 56 Your father Abraham rejoiced that he would see My day. He saw it and was glad.” 57 Then the Jews said to Him, “You are not yet fifty years old, and You have seen Abraham?” 58 “Truly, truly, I tell you,” Jesus declared, “before Abraham was born, I am!” 59 At this, they picked up stones to throw at Him. But Jesus was hidden and went out of the temple area.

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