Spruche 5

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Proverbs 5 is a father's warning to his son about adultery, and a celebration of marriage. The forbidden woman's lips drip honey and her speech is smoother than oil, but she ends bitter as wormwood, and her steps go down to death. The father describes the price in detail: strength given to others, wealth to strangers, years to the cruel, and at the end a groan of regret in front of the whole assembly, "How I hated discipline." Then the tone changes. Drink water from your own cistern. Rejoice in the wife of your youth, be captivated by her love always. The chapter closes by reminding the son that his ways are before the eyes of the LORD, and that a man is caught in the cords of his own sin.

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Proverbs 5 is a father talking to his son about sex, and it is remarkable for how honest it is. He does not pretend the other woman is unattractive. Her lips drip honey; her speech is smoother than oil. That is exactly why he is worried. What he wants his son to see is the end of the road rather than the beginning: wormwood, a sword, steps that go down to death. He describes the cost with an accountant's precision, your strength spent on others, your money in strangers' houses, your years handed to someone cruel, and then he does something the book of Proverbs rarely does. He writes the son's own future speech for him, the words of an old man groaning at the end of a wasted life: how I hated discipline, how I ignored my teachers, and now I am ruined in front of everyone. Then the chapter turns and becomes a love poem. Drink from your own cistern. Let your fountain be blessed. Rejoice in the wife of your youth, a loving doe, and be captivated by her love always. The father's cure for adultery is not suspicion of desire but desire aimed at home. The last three verses lift the whole thing into the light of God: every path a man takes is in front of the LORD's eyes, and the sinner is not caught by God's trap but by the cords of his own making. He dies, the chapter says, for lack of discipline, led astray by his own great folly.

Passages clés

Proverbs 5:3-6 Proverbs 5:11-14 Proverbs 5:15-19 Proverbs 5:21-23 Proverbs 7:6-27 Song of Solomon 4:9-12

Historical and literary context

Chapters 1 to 9 of Proverbs are a set of speeches from a father, and sometimes a mother, to a young man on the threshold of adult life, in the style of Egyptian and Mesopotamian instruction literature used to train future officials. This is the first of three extended warnings about the "strange" or forbidden woman, followed by 6:20 to 35 and chapter 7. In ancient Israel adultery was a capital offense and, when it was not punished by death, could cost a man his property in compensation to the wronged husband, which is what verses 9 and 10 describe. The cistern and well of verses 15 to 18 draw on the value of private water in a dry land, and the language of the doe and the fawn belongs to the love poetry of the Song of Songs.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 and 2 call the son to attention. Verses 3 to 6 describe the forbidden woman, honey on the lips, wormwood at the end, feet going down to death. Verses 7 to 14 spell out the consequences of going near her house: lost vigor, lost wealth, lost years, and the deathbed lament of a man who refused instruction. Verses 15 to 20 turn to marriage under the image of one's own cistern and well, with the blessing on the wife of one's youth and the question why a man would embrace a stranger instead. Verses 21 to 23 close with the LORD who sees every path and the sinner trapped in his own cords.

Why this chapter matters

The chapter is the Bible's most direct piece of practical advice on sexual fidelity, and its method is telling: it does not argue that desire is bad but that it should be directed home. "Rejoice in the wife of your youth" and "may you be captivated by her love forever" are among the warmest lines about married love in Scripture and refute the idea that the Bible is prudish. The picture of the man at the end of his life saying "How I hated discipline" has been the pattern for every sermon on the long-term cost of short-term pleasure. Verse 21, "a man's ways are before the eyes of the LORD," gives the whole chapter its weight.

Interpretive tension to watch

The speech is addressed to a son about a woman, as all of Proverbs 1 to 9 is, and readers must decide how to hear it as women, or about men who seduce; the principle plainly runs both ways. Who the "forbidden woman" is has been debated: another man's wife, a foreigner, a prostitute, or, in the wider book, folly itself personified against Lady Wisdom. Verses 9 and 10 describe economic ruin whose exact mechanism is unclear. And the chapter's frankness about physical delight in verse 19 has embarrassed translators and preachers who would rather it were more spiritual than it is.

Questions pour ce chapitre

The forbidden woman's words are sweet at the start and bitter at the end. What temptations look like that in your own life?
The chapter answers adultery not with a prohibition alone but with delight in one's own marriage. Why is that a better defense?
Verse 22 says a man is held by the cords of his own sin. How does a choice become a trap?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Ajouter aux notes

1 Mein Sohn, höre auf meine Weisheit, neige dein Ohr zu meiner Einsicht, 2 um Besonnenheit zu beobachten und damit deine Lippen Erkenntnis bewahren. 3 Denn Honigseim träufeln die Lippen der Fremden, und glatter als Öl ist ihr Gaumen; 4 aber ihr Letztes ist bitter wie Wermut, scharf wie ein zweischneidiges Schwert. 5 Ihre Füße steigen hinab zum Tod, an dem Scheol haften ihre Schritte. 6 Damit sie nicht den Weg des Lebens einschlage, schweifen ihre Bahnen, ohne dass sie es weiß. 7 Nun denn, ihr Söhne, hört auf mich und weicht nicht von den Worten meines Mundes ab! 8 Halte deinen Weg fern von ihr und nähere nicht der Tür ihres Hauses: 9 damit du nicht anderen deine Blüte gibst, und deine Jahre dem Grausamen; 10 damit sich nicht Fremde an deinem Vermögen sättigen und dein mühsam Erworbenes nicht in das Haus eines Ausländers komme; 11 und du nicht bei deinem Ende stöhnst, wenn dein Fleisch und dein Leib dahinschwinden, 12 und sagst: Wie habe ich die Unterweisung gehasst, und mein Herz hat die Zucht verschmäht! 13 Und ich habe nicht auf die Stimme meiner Unterweiser gehört und mein Ohr nicht meinen Lehrern zugeneigt. 14 Wenig fehlte, so wäre ich in allem Bösen gewesen, inmitten der Versammlung und der Gemeinde. 15 Trink Wasser aus deiner Zisterne und Fließendes aus deinem Brunnen. 16 Mögen sich deine Quellen nach außen ergießen, [deine] Wasserbäche auf die Straßen. 17 Dir allein sollen sie gehören, und nicht Fremden mit dir. 18 Deine Quelle sei gesegnet, und erfreue dich an der Frau deiner Jugend; 19 die liebliche Hirschkuh und anmutige Gemse – ihre Brüste mögen dich zu aller Zeit berauschen, taumle stets in ihrer Liebe. 20 Und warum solltest du, mein Sohn, an einer Fremden taumeln und den Busen einer Fremden umarmen? 21 Denn vor den Augen des HERRN sind eines jeden Wege, und alle seine Bahnen wägt er ab. 22 Die eigenen Ungerechtigkeiten werden ihn, den Gottlosen, fangen, und in seiner Sünde Fesseln wird er festgehalten werden. 23 Sterben wird er, weil ihm Zucht mangelt, und in der Größe seiner Torheit wird er dahintaumeln.

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