1 Chronicles 11

Lisez ce chapitre avec intention

1 Chronicles 11 tells how David became king of all Israel and who stood with him. All Israel gathers at Hebron, calls David their own flesh and blood, recalls the LORD's word that he would shepherd Israel, and anoints him. David marches on Jebus, whose people say he will never get in; he takes the fortress of Zion, Joab wins the command by striking first, and David builds the city that bears his name. The rest of the chapter is the roll of David's mighty men: Jashobeam, Eleazar who held a barley field, the three who broke through the Philistine lines to bring David water from Bethlehem, which he poured out to the LORD, Benaiah who killed a lion on a snowy day, and the long list of the Thirty.

Ouvrir le commentaire du chapitre

1 Chronicles 11 is a coronation, a conquest, and a roll call, and the Chronicler tells all three so that a people who had lost their kingdom could remember how it began. All Israel comes to Hebron and says to David the thing that makes a king: we are your own flesh and blood, and the LORD said you would shepherd his people. They make a covenant, they anoint him, and the first thing the new king does is take a city that belongs to no tribe. The Jebusites jeer from their walls that he will never get in. He gets in, Joab leads the way and earns the command, and the fortress of Zion becomes the City of David. Then, instead of moving on to the wars, the chapter stops to name the men who made it possible. Jashobeam and his spear. Eleazar, who stood with David in a barley field when everyone else ran. The three who heard David sigh for a drink from the well at Bethlehem, where the Philistines were camped, and fought their way through the lines to fetch it, and David, holding the cup, could not drink it. This is the blood of men who risked their lives, he said, and poured it on the ground before the LORD, which was the highest honor he could give it. Benaiah, who went down into a pit on a snowy day and killed a lion. And then the Thirty, one after another, hometown after hometown, down to a Hittite named Uriah, whose story the Chronicler does not tell. The kingdom, the chapter says, was built by a shepherd and by people who were brave for him, and it wants their names remembered.

Passages clés

1 Chronicles 11:1-3 1 Chronicles 11:4-9 1 Chronicles 11:15-19 1 Chronicles 11:22-25 2 Samuel 5:1-10 2 Samuel 23:8-17

Historical and literary context

The Chronicler wrote after the exile, probably in the fourth century BC, retelling Israel's history for a community rebuilding around the temple, and drew heavily on Samuel and Kings. This chapter condenses 2 Samuel 5 and 23, leaving out David's seven years as king of Judah alone and the civil war with Saul's house, so that David is made king by "all Israel" at once. Jebus was the Canaanite stronghold on the ridge between Judah and Benjamin, chosen by David as a neutral capital. The "supporting terraces" are the Millo, the stepped stone structure archaeologists have uncovered on the eastern slope of the City of David. The mighty men's exploits date from David's outlaw years around Adullam, when the Philistines held Bethlehem.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 3 record the covenant and anointing at Hebron, with the shepherd word from the LORD. Verses 4 to 9 tell the capture of Jebus, Joab's promotion, David's residence in the fortress, and his growing greatness because the LORD of Hosts was with him. Verse 10 introduces the mighty men as those who strengthened his kingdom according to God's word. Verses 11 to 14 present the first of the Three, Jashobeam and Eleazar. Verses 15 to 19 tell the story of the water from Bethlehem. Verses 20 to 25 honor Abishai and Benaiah, who ranked near but not among the Three. Verses 26 to 47 list the Thirty and others, extending beyond the list in Samuel.

Why this chapter matters

The chapter gave Jerusalem its founding story as the City of David and fixed the shepherd as the image of Israel's king, later taken up by the prophets and by Jesus. The water from Bethlehem's well, poured out rather than drunk because it had cost men their lives, is one of the Bible's finest pictures of leadership that honors sacrifice, and Christian readers have noticed that Bethlehem's water would one day mean something more. The Chronicler's theme that the kingdom was built by all Israel together, and by named individuals whose courage is remembered, shaped a community that needed to believe that ordinary people's faithfulness mattered. Uriah's name at the end of the list, unremarked, casts a long shadow.

Interpretive tension to watch

The Chronicler omits David's early reign in Hebron, the war with Ish-bosheth, and every scandal of his later years, so readers comparing this chapter with Samuel must decide whether the omissions are idealization or a deliberate choice of theme. Numbers differ between the accounts, Jashobeam's three hundred here against eight hundred in Samuel, and the list of the Thirty contains more than thirty names and variant spellings, which shows the difficulty of transmitting lists. Whether David's pouring out of the water was piety or a rebuke to his own men's recklessness is left to the reader.

Questions pour ce chapitre

Israel tells David, "We are your own flesh and blood," and God calls him a shepherd. What do those two images say about what a leader owes the people?
David refuses to drink water that cost his men their safety. When is refusing a gift the right way to honor it?
The chapter remembers dozens of soldiers by name. Who are the people whose faithfulness built what you now enjoy, and who remembers them?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Ajouter aux notes

1 以色列众人聚集到希伯见大卫，说：「我们原是你的骨肉。 2 从前扫罗作王的时候，率领以色列人出入的是你；耶和华—你的　神也曾应许你说：『你必牧养我的民以色列，作以色列的君。』」 3 于是以色列的长老都来到希伯见大卫王。大卫在希伯耶和华面前与他们立约，他们就膏大卫作以色列的王，是照耶和华借撒母耳所说的话。 4 大卫和以色列众人到了耶路撒冷，就是耶布斯；那时耶布斯人住在那里。 5 耶布斯人对大卫说：「你决不能进这地方。」然而大卫攻取锡安的保障，就是大卫的城。 6 大卫说：「谁先攻打耶布斯人，必作首领元帅。」洗鲁雅的儿子约押先上去，就作了元帅。 7 大卫住在保障里，所以那保障叫作大卫城。 8 大卫又从米罗起，四围建筑城墙，其余的是约押修理。 9 大卫日见强盛，因为万军之耶和华与他同在。 10 以下记录跟随大卫勇士的首领，就是奋勇帮助他得国、照着耶和华吩咐以色列人的话、与以色列人一同立他作王的。 11 大卫勇士的数目记在下面：哈革摩尼的儿子雅朔班，他是军长的统领，一时举枪杀了三百人。 12 其次是亚合人朵多的儿子以利亚撒，他是三个勇士里的一个。 13 他从前与大卫在巴斯·达闵，非利士人聚集要打仗。那里有一块长满大麦的田，众民就在非利士人面前逃跑； 14 这勇士便站在那田间击杀非利士人，救护了那田。耶和华使以色列人大获全胜。 15 三十个勇士中的三个人下到磐石那里，进了亚杜兰洞见大卫；非利士的军队在利乏音谷安营。 16 那时大卫在山寨，非利士人的防营在伯利恒。 17 大卫渴想，说：「甚愿有人将伯利恒城门旁井里的水打来给我喝！」 18 这三个勇士就闯过非利士人的营盘，从伯利恒城门旁的井里打水，拿来奉给大卫。他却不肯喝，将水奠在耶和华面前， 19 说：「我的　神啊，这三个人冒死去打水，这水好像他们的血一般，我断不敢喝！」如此，大卫不肯喝。这是三个勇士所做的事。 20 约押的兄弟亚比筛是这三个勇士的首领；他举枪杀了三百人，就在三个勇士里得了名。 21 他在这三个勇士里是最尊贵的，所以作他们的首领；只是不及前三个勇士。 22 有甲薛勇士耶何耶大的儿子比拿雅行过大能的事：他杀了摩押人亚利伊勒的两个[儿子]，又在下雪的时候下坑里去杀了一个狮子， 23 又杀了一个埃及人。埃及人身高五肘，手里拿着枪，枪杆粗如织布的机轴；比拿雅只拿着棍子下去，从埃及人手里夺过枪来，用那枪将他刺死。 24 这是耶何耶大的儿子比拿雅所行的事，就在三个勇士里得了名。 25 他比那三十个勇士都尊贵，只是不及前三个勇士。大卫立他作护卫长。 26 军中的勇士有约押的兄弟亚撒黑，伯利恒人朵多的儿子伊勒哈难， 27 哈律人沙玛，比伦人希利斯， 28 提哥亚人益吉的儿子以拉，亚拿突人亚比以谢， 29 户沙人西比该，亚合人以来， 30 尼陀法人玛哈莱，尼陀法人巴拿的儿子希立， 31 便雅悯族基比亚人利拜的儿子以太，比拉顿人比拿雅， 32 迦实溪人户莱，亚拉巴人亚比， 33 巴路米人押斯玛弗，沙本人以利雅哈巴， 34 基孙人哈深的众子，哈拉人沙基的儿子约拿单， 35 哈拉人沙甲的儿子亚希暗，吾珥的儿子以利法勒， 36 米基拉人希弗，比伦人亚希雅， 37 迦密人希斯罗，伊斯拜的儿子拿莱， 38 拿单的兄弟约珥，哈基利的儿子弥伯哈， 39 亚扪人洗勒，比录人拿哈莱（拿哈莱是给洗鲁雅的儿子约押拿兵器的）， 40 以帖人以拉，以帖人迦立， 41 赫人乌利亚，亚莱的儿子撒拔， 42 吕便人示撒的儿子亚第拿（他是吕便支派中的一个族长，率领三十人）， 43 玛迦的儿子哈难，弥特尼人约沙法， 44 亚施他拉人乌西亚，亚罗珥人何坦的儿子沙玛、耶利， 45 提洗人申利的儿子耶叠和他的兄弟约哈， 46 玛哈未人以利业，伊利拿安的儿子耶利拜、约沙未雅，摩押人伊特玛、 47 以利业、俄备得，并米琐八人雅西业。

Transformez la lecture en véritable étude

Inscrivez-vous pour sauvegarder des versets, prendre des notes et étudier avec des outils IA.

Inscription Connexion

Choisissez votre prochaine étape après ce chapitre Continuez la lecture, choisissez un plan, ou continuez l'étude avec l'AI.

Lire le chapitre suivant 1 Chronicles 12 in 和合本（简体）.

Plans de lecture

Choisissez un plan si vous voulez transformer ce chapitre en habitude répétable.

Demander à l’IA à propos de ce chapitre

Continuez avec l'étude AI si le texte soulève des questions ou va plus loin qu'une simple lecture.

Suivre les thèmes que ce chapitre ouvre Centres thématiques connexes pour les questions plus larges que ce chapitre peut avoir ouvertes.

Parcourir tous les sujets