Matthew 19

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Matthew 19 gathers three encounters on Jesus's way to Jerusalem that each turn on what a person is willing to give up. Pharisees test him on divorce, and he answers from creation: what God has joined, let no one separate. Disciples turn children away, and he calls them back, because the kingdom belongs to such as these. A wealthy young man asks what good thing he must do for eternal life, keeps every commandment he is asked about, and walks away sad when told to sell everything and follow. Jesus then tells his astonished disciples that salvation is impossible for man and possible with God, and promises a hundredfold to those who leave everything for his name.

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Matthew 19 puts three groups in front of Jesus on the road to Jerusalem, and each meeting asks what a person is holding onto. First the Pharisees, with a trap about divorce. Jesus does not enter their debate about Moses; he goes back to the beginning, to male and female and one flesh, and treats Moses's permission as a concession to hard hearts. The disciples find the standard so high that they suggest not marrying, and Jesus does not argue them out of it. Then children, whom the disciples try to send away and whom Jesus places at the center of the kingdom. Then the young man, rich and earnest, who wants to know what good thing he must do. He has kept the commandments; Jesus does not dispute it. He lacks one thing, and the one thing is everything he owns. He goes away sorrowful, the only person in the Gospels who is called and declines. Jesus turns to the disciples with the camel and the needle, and when they ask who can possibly be saved, he gives the answer the whole chapter has been building toward: with man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible. Peter asks what the disciples will get for having left everything, and Jesus promises thrones, a hundredfold, and eternal life, then adds the line that keeps anyone from counting on their place in line: many who are first will be last.

Pasajes clave

Matthew 19:3-9 Matthew 19:13-15 Matthew 19:16-22 Matthew 19:23-26 Genesis 2:24

Historical and literary context

The divorce question reflected a live debate between rabbinic schools over whether Deuteronomy 24 permitted divorce only for serious cause or "for any reason." Jesus sidesteps the debate by going behind Moses to Genesis. The scene is Judea beyond the Jordan, the territory of Herod Antipas, who had executed John the Baptist for criticizing his marriage, which gives the Pharisees' question a political edge. The rich young man's confidence that he had kept the commandments was not unusual for a devout Jew; Jesus's demand exposed the one commandment he could not keep.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 12 concern marriage: the test question, Jesus's appeal to Genesis, the exception for sexual immorality, the disciples' dismay, and the saying about eunuchs for the kingdom. Verses 13 to 15 are the blessing of the children. Verses 16 to 22 are the rich young man, from his question to his sorrowful departure. Verses 23 to 26 give the camel and the needle and "with God all things are possible." Verses 27 to 30 answer Peter's "what will there be for us" with twelve thrones, a hundredfold, eternal life, and the reversal of first and last.

Why this chapter matters

Matthew 19 is the New Testament's central text on marriage, grounding it in creation rather than in law, and its most searching text on wealth. The rich young man is the only person in the Gospels recorded as walking away from a direct call to follow Jesus, and he does so with sorrow rather than defiance, which makes him the most relatable refusal in Scripture. "With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible" answers the disciples' question "Who then can be saved?" and has become one of the Bible's best-known statements of grace. The chapter's welcome of children became the model for Christian teaching about faith as receiving rather than achieving.

Interpretive tension to watch

The rich young man is told to sell everything; Zacchaeus in Luke gives half; Joseph of Arimathea remains wealthy. Is the command universal, or aimed at the one thing this man served instead of God? And the "eye of the needle" has attracted a legend about a small Jerusalem gate that has no historical basis; the saying means impossibility, as the disciples' reaction and Jesus's answer confirm. How readers handle these questions shapes whether they soften the chapter or let it search them.

Preguntas para este capítulo

Jesus answers a question about the law of divorce with the design of creation. What changes when marriage is read from Genesis rather than from Deuteronomy?
The young man kept the commandments and still lacked one thing. What is the one thing, and why could he not give it?
The disciples ask "Who then can be saved?" and Jesus answers "with God all things are possible." How does that exchange reframe the whole chapter?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Añadir a notas

1 耶稣说完了这些话，就离开加利利，来到犹太的境界约旦河外。 2 有许多人跟着他，他就在那里把他们[的病人]治好了。 3 有法利赛人来试探耶稣，说：「人无论什么缘故都可以休妻吗？」 4 耶稣回答说：「那起初造人的，是造男造女， 5 并且说：『因此，人要离开父母，与妻子连合，二人成为一体。』[这经]你们没有念过吗？ 6 既然如此，夫妻不再是两个人，乃是一体的了。所以，　神配合的，人不可分开。」 7 法利赛人说：「这样，摩西为什么吩咐给妻子休书，就可以休她呢？」 8 耶稣说：「摩西因为你们的心硬，所以许你们休妻，但起初并不是这样。 9 我告诉你们，凡休妻另娶的，若不是为淫乱的缘故，就是犯奸淫了；有人娶那被休的妇人，也是犯奸淫了。」 10 门徒对耶稣说：「人和妻子既是这样，倒不如不娶。」 11 耶稣说：「这话不是人都能领受的，惟独赐给谁，谁才能领受。 12 因为有生来是阉人，也有被人阉的，并有为天国的缘故自阉的。这话谁能领受就可以领受。」 13 那时，有人带着小孩子来见耶稣，要耶稣给他们按手祷告，门徒就责备那些人。 14 耶稣说：「让小孩子到我这里来，不要禁止他们；因为在天国的，正是这样的人。」 15 耶稣给他们按手，就离开那地方去了。 16 有一个人来见耶稣，说：「夫子，我该做什么善事才能得永生？」 17 耶稣对他说：「你为什么以善事问我呢？只有一位是善的。你若要进入[永]生，就当遵守诫命。」 18 他说：「什么诫命？」耶稣说：「就是不可杀人；不可奸淫；不可偷盗；不可作假见证； 19 当孝敬父母；又当爱人如己。」 20 那少年人说：「这一切我都遵守了，还缺少什么呢？」 21 耶稣说：「你若愿意作完全人，可去变卖你所有的，分给穷人，就必有财宝在天上；你还要来跟从我。」 22 那少年人听见这话，就忧忧愁愁地走了，因为他的产业很多。 23 耶稣对门徒说：「我实在告诉你们，财主进天国是难的。 24 我又告诉你们，骆驼穿过针的眼，比财主进　神的国还容易呢！」 25 门徒听见这话，就希奇得很，说：「这样谁能得救呢？」 26 耶稣看着他们，说：「在人这是不能的，在　神凡事都能。」 27 彼得就对他说：「看哪，我们已经撇下所有的跟从你，将来我们要得什么呢？」 28 耶稣说：「我实在告诉你们，你们这跟从我的人，到复兴的时候，人子坐在他荣耀的宝座上，你们也要坐在十二个宝座上，审判以色列十二个支派。 29 凡为我的名撇下房屋，或是弟兄、姊妹、父亲、母亲、儿女、田地的，必要得着百倍，并且承受永生。 30 然而，有许多在前的，将要在后；在后的，将要在前。」

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