Genesis 6

Study commentary

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Genesis 6 is the chapter before the flood. As people multiply, the "sons of God" take the daughters of men as wives, the Nephilim appear, and God limits human life to 120 years. Then comes the verdict: every inclination of the human heart is only evil all the time, and the LORD regrets making humanity and is grieved to his heart. He resolves to wipe out people and animals alike. But Noah finds favor. A righteous man who walks with God in a violent world, he is told to build an ark of gopher wood with three decks and a door, to bring in two of every creature and food for all, because a flood is coming and God will establish his covenant with him. Noah does everything exactly as commanded.

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Genesis 6 is where the story of the world takes its darkest turn, and it is told with astonishing restraint. It opens with a strange episode, the sons of God taking human wives and the Nephilim, the giants of old, and God setting a limit of 120 years on a race that has gotten out of hand. Then the narrator gives God's view of things, and it is a sentence people have argued about ever since: the wickedness of humanity was great, and every inclination of the thoughts of the heart was only evil, all the time. What follows is not rage. The LORD regretted that he had made man, and it grieved him to his heart. The decision to wipe it all out is spoken by a God who is sorry. And then the hinge on which the whole Bible turns: but Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD. Noah is righteous and blameless in his generation, and he walks with God, in a world the narrator describes three times as corrupt and full of violence. God tells him what is coming and what to build: a great chest of gopher wood, sealed with pitch, three hundred cubits long, three decks, one door, room for two of every creature and food for all of them. He also says a word that has not appeared in the Bible until now: covenant. I will establish my covenant with you. The chapter ends with one line about Noah that is the whole of his greatness. He did everything exactly as God commanded.

Key passages

Genesis 6:1-4 Genesis 6:5-8 Genesis 6:9-13 Genesis 6:14-22 Hebrews 11:7 Matthew 24:37-39

Historical and literary context

The flood story has parallels in Mesopotamian literature, above all the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Atrahasis epic, where the gods send a flood and one man is warned to build a boat; Genesis shares the shape and differs in the reason, human corruption rather than divine annoyance, and in the one God who grieves. A cubit is about 45 centimeters, so the ark was some 135 meters long, larger than any ship built before the nineteenth century. Gopher wood is unidentified. The "sons of God" have been read since antiquity as angels, as the line of Seth, or as rulers, and the Nephilim recur as giants in Numbers 13. Jesus and Peter both refer to the days of Noah.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 4 tell of the sons of God and the daughters of men, the 120 years, and the Nephilim. Verses 5 to 8 give God's assessment of the human heart, his grief, his decision to blot out life, and Noah's favor. Verses 9 to 12 introduce Noah's account: his righteousness, his sons, and the corrupt, violent earth. Verses 13 to 21 are God's instructions: the end of all flesh, the ark and its measurements, the flood, the covenant, the animals, and the food. Verse 22 records Noah's complete obedience.

Why this chapter matters

Verse 5 is the Bible's starkest statement of human sinfulness and a foundation text for the doctrine of the fall, and verse 6, "the LORD regretted that He had made man," is its boldest statement that God feels. Noah walking with God, finding favor, and obeying to the letter became the model of faith in Hebrews 11 and of righteousness in a wicked age; the ark became, in Christian reading, a picture of baptism and of the church. "The days of Noah" are Jesus' image of a world caught unprepared. The first mention of "covenant" in the Bible is in verse 18.

Interpretive tension to watch

The identity of the sons of God and the Nephilim is the oldest puzzle in the chapter, and the church has never settled it. God's "regret" raises the question of whether an all-knowing God can change his mind, and readers answer with the language of accommodation, of genuine relationship, or of both. The destruction of every animal along with humanity troubles modern readers, and the flood's extent, global or regional, is debated among believers. Noah's "favor" in verse 8 comes before his righteousness in verse 9, which readers take as grace preceding goodness.

Questions for this chapter

  • God is "grieved in His heart" over human evil. What does it mean that the judge of the world is also its mourner?
  • Noah found favor before the text calls him righteous. Which comes first in your own story, being accepted or being good?
  • "Noah did everything precisely as God had commanded him," for a flood no one could see. What does obedience look like when the reason is still invisible?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Add to Notes
1 När människorna började föröka sig på jorden och döttrar föddes åt dem, 2 såg Guds söner att människornas döttrar var vackra, och de tog till hustrur alla de ville ha. 3 Då sade Herren: ”Min Ande ska inte bli kvar i människorna för alltid på grund av deras förvillelse. De är kött och deras tid ska vara hundratjugo år.” 4 Vid denna tid, då Guds söner gick in till människornas döttrar och dessa födde barn åt dem, och även senare, levde våldsverkarna på jorden. Detta var forntidens väldiga män som var så ryktbara. 5 Och Herren såg att människornas ondska var stor på jorden och att deras hjärtans alla tankar och avsikter ständigt var alltigenom onda. 6 Då sörjde Herren att han hade gjort människorna på jorden, och han var bedrövad i sitt hjärta. 7 Herren sade: ”Människorna som jag har skapat ska jag utplåna från jordens yta – både människor och fyrfotadjur, kräldjur och himlens fåglar. Jag sörjer att jag har gjort dem.” 8 Men Noa hade funnit nåd inför Herrens ögon. 9 Detta är Noas fortsatta historia. Noa var en rättfärdig man och fullkomlig bland sina samtida. Han vandrade med Gud. 10 Och Noa blev far till tre söner, Sem, Ham och Jafet. 11 Men jorden blev mer och mer fördärvad inför Gud och full av våld. 12 Gud såg på jorden, och se, den var fördärvad, eftersom alla människor levde i fördärv på jorden. 13 Då sade Gud till Noa: ”Jag har bestämt mig för att göra slut på allt levande, för jorden är full av våld på grund av dem. Se, jag ska förgöra dem tillsammans med jorden. 14 Gör dig en ark av goferträ, inred den med kamrar och bestryk den med jordbeck både på insidan och utsidan. 15 Så ska du göra arken: Den ska vara trehundra alnar lång, femtio alnar bred och trettio alnar hög. 16 Högst upp ska du göra en öppning för ljuset, en aln hög, runt hela arken. En dörr till arken ska du sätta på sidan. Du ska inreda den så att den får en undervåning, en mellanvåning och en övervåning. 17 Se, jag ska låta floden komma med vatten över jorden för att förgöra alla varelser under himlen som har livsande. Allt på jorden ska förgås. 18 Men med dig vill jag upprätta mitt förbund. Du ska gå in i arken med dina söner, din hustru och dina sonhustrur. 19 Av allt levande, av alla varelser, ska du föra in ett par i arken för att de ska överleva tillsammans med dig. Hankön och honkön ska det vara. 20 Av fåglarna efter deras slag, av fyrfotadjuren efter deras slag och av alla kräldjur på marken efter deras slag ska ett par av varje slag gå in till dig för att förbli vid liv. 21 Och du ska ta med dig all slags föda, sådant som kan ätas, och samla i förråd. Det ska tjäna som mat för dig och dem.” 22 Och Noa gjorde så. Han gjorde i allt som Gud hade befallt honom.

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