1 Timothy 1

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First Timothy 1 is Paul's charge to his younger colleague, left in Ephesus to stop teachers who had wandered into myths, genealogies, and speculation. Paul states that the goal of all instruction is love from a pure heart, a clear conscience, and a sincere faith; that the law is good when used rightly, aimed at the lawless rather than the righteous; and then, in the chapter's heart, tells his own story: a blasphemer, persecutor, and violent man shown mercy, so that Christ could display his patience in the worst of sinners. He ends with a doxology, a charge to fight the good fight, and a warning about two men who shipwrecked their faith.

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First Timothy 1 is a letter from an old apostle to a young pastor in a hard post. Timothy has been left in Ephesus to deal with teachers who have wandered from the gospel into myths, genealogies, and confident talk about the law that they do not understand. Paul's instructions are brief and clear. The goal of all teaching is love that comes from a pure heart, a clear conscience, and sincere faith. The law is good if it is used for what it is for, to name and restrain lawlessness, and it points beyond itself to the gospel. Then Paul does something that no false teacher would do: he tells the truth about himself. He was a blasphemer, a persecutor, a violent man. He was shown mercy. The grace of the Lord overflowed to him, and the reason, he says, was so that Christ Jesus could display his perfect patience in the worst of sinners as an example for everyone who would believe afterward. The trustworthy saying at the center of the chapter is the gospel in one line: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. Paul cannot say it without breaking into praise, to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God. Then he hands the charge to Timothy: fight the good fight, hold on to faith and a good conscience, and remember the two men who let go of both and were shipwrecked.

Key passages

1 Timothy 1:3-7 1 Timothy 1:8-11 1 Timothy 1:12-17 1 Timothy 1:18-20 Acts 9:1-6

Historical and literary context

Paul writes to Timothy, whom he calls his true child in the faith, after leaving him in Ephesus while traveling to Macedonia. The false teaching combined Jewish law, speculative genealogies, and ascetic rules; later chapters mention forbidding marriage and certain foods. The letter is one of the three Pastoral Epistles, concerned with ordering church life and guarding the gospel in the generation after the apostles. Paul's account of his own past refers to the persecution of the church described in Acts 8 and 9.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 and 2 greet Timothy. Verses 3 to 7 describe the false teachers and the true goal of instruction, love. Verses 8 to 11 explain the proper use of the law, with a vice list that echoes the Ten Commandments and ends in the gospel. Verses 12 to 17 are Paul's testimony: strengthened, appointed, formerly a blasphemer, shown mercy, the trustworthy saying that Christ came to save sinners of whom he is the worst, and a doxology to the King eternal. Verses 18 to 20 charge Timothy to fight the good fight, holding faith and a good conscience, unlike Hymenaeus and Alexander.

Why this chapter matters

First Timothy 1:15, "Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, of whom I am the worst," is the first of the five "trustworthy sayings" in the Pastoral Epistles and one of the most compact statements of the gospel in the New Testament. Paul presents his own conversion as the pattern for everyone who will believe: if the worst could be shown mercy, no one is beyond it. The chapter's definition of the goal of teaching as love, not knowledge or control, and its insistence that the law is good when used legitimately, have guided Christian teaching about doctrine and ethics ever since. The doxology of verse 17 is sung in churches around the world.

Interpretive tension to watch

Paul says he was shown mercy "because I had acted in ignorance and unbelief," which could sound as though ignorance earned the mercy. The next verses rule that out: grace overflowed, and the reason for his mercy was to display Christ's patience. The chapter holds Paul's real guilt and God's free mercy together without making one explain away the other, which is the tension of every conversion story.

Questions for this chapter

  • Paul says the goal of instruction is love from a pure heart, a clear conscience, and a sincere faith. How would teaching look different if that were its measure?
  • Why does Paul, writing to correct false teachers, stop to tell the story of his own conversion?
  • Faith and a good conscience are held together in verse 19, and abandoning one shipwrecks the other. How are the two connected?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Add to Notes
1 私たちの救い主なる神と私たちの望みなるキリスト・イエスとの命令による、キリスト・イエスの使徒パウロから、 2 信仰による真実のわが子テモテへ。父なる神と私たちの主なるキリスト・イエスから、恵みとあわれみと平安とがありますように。 3 私がマケドニヤに出発するとき、あなたにお願いしたように、あなたは、エペソにずっととどまっていて、ある人たちが違った教えを説いたり、 4 果てしのない空想話と系図とに心を奪われたりしないように命じてください。そのようなものは、論議を引き起こすだけで、信仰による神の救いのご計画の実現をもたらすものではありません。 5 この命令は、きよい心と正しい良心と偽りのない信仰とから出て来る愛を、目標としています。 6 ある人たちはこの目当てを見失い、わき道にそれて無益な議論に走り、 7 律法の教師でありたいと望みながら、自分の言っていることも、また強く主張していることについても理解していません。 8 しかし私たちは知っています。律法は、もし次のことを知っていて正しく用いるならば、良いものです。 9 すなわち、律法は、正しい人のためにあるのではなく、律法を無視する不従順な者、不敬虔な罪人、汚らわしい俗物、父や母を殺す者、人を殺す者、 10 不品行な者、男色をする者、人を誘拐する者、うそをつく者、偽証をする者などのため、またそのほか健全な教えにそむく事のためにあるのです。 11 祝福に満ちた神の、栄光の福音によれば、こうなのであって、私はその福音をゆだねられたのです。 12 私は、私を強くしてくださる私たちの主キリスト・イエスに感謝をささげています。なぜなら、キリストは、私をこの務めに任命して、私を忠実な者と認めてくださったからです。 13 私は以前は、神をけがす者、迫害する者、暴力をふるう者でした。それでも、信じていないときに知らないでしたことなので、あわれみを受けたのです。 14 私たちの主の、この恵みは、キリスト・イエスにある信仰と愛とともに、ますます満ちあふれるようになりました。 15 「キリスト・イエスは、罪人を救うためにこの世に来られた。」ということばは、まことであり、そのまま受け入れるに値するものです。私はその罪人のかしらです。 16 しかし、そのような私があわれみを受けたのは、イエス・キリストが、今後彼を信じて永遠のいのちを得ようとしている人々の見本にしようと、まず私に対してこの上ない寛容を示してくださったからです。 17 どうか、世々の王、すなわち、滅びることなく、目に見えない唯一の神に、誉れと栄えとが世々限りなくありますように。アーメン。 18 私の子テモテよ。以前あなたについてなされた預言に従って、私はあなたにこの命令をゆだねます。それは、あなたがあの預言によって、信仰と正しい良心を保ち、勇敢に戦い抜くためです。 19 ある人たちは、正しい良心を捨てて、信仰の破船に会いました。 20 その中には、ヒメナオとアレキサンデルがいます。私は、彼らをサタンに引き渡しました。それは、神をけがしてはならないことを、彼らに学ばせるためです。

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