Mark 11

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Mark 11 brings Jesus into Jerusalem for the last week. He enters the city on a colt no one has ridden while the crowd spreads cloaks and branches and shouts "Hosanna," looks around the temple, and withdraws to Bethany. The next morning he curses a fig tree that has leaves but no fruit, then drives the traders and money changers out of the temple courts, quoting "house of prayer for all nations" and "den of robbers," so that the chief priests plan his death. The following morning the fig tree is withered, and Jesus teaches on faith that moves mountains, on prayer, and on forgiveness. Asked by what authority he acts, he asks about John's baptism; they refuse to answer, and so does he.

Kapitelkommentar öffnen

Mark 11 is the beginning of the end, and Mark tells it with his usual speed and one carefully built sandwich. Jesus comes over the Mount of Olives on a borrowed colt that no one has ridden, and the crowd knows what it means: cloaks on the road, branches from the fields, Hosanna, blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David. It looks like a coronation. Then, anticlimax: he walks into the temple, looks at everything, and, because it is late, goes back out to Bethany. The next morning he is hungry and finds a fig tree covered in leaves and empty of fruit, and says, so the disciples hear it, that no one will ever eat from it again. Then he goes into the temple and turns it upside down, tables and money and dove cages, and stops the porters carrying goods through the courts, and says that the house that was meant to be a place of prayer for every nation has become a robbers' cave. The priests, who are afraid of him, start planning to kill him. The next morning the fig tree is dead to the roots, and that is when the sandwich closes: the tree with leaves and no fruit was the temple, and the withering is what is coming. Jesus turns it into a lesson about faith that can throw a mountain into the sea, about prayer that believes it has already received, and about forgiving before you pray. When the authorities finally confront him, demanding to know by what right he does these things, he asks them whether John's baptism was from heaven or from men, and they discover that they cannot answer either way without losing.

Wichtige Bibelstellen

Mark 11:1-11 Mark 11:12-14 Mark 11:15-19 Mark 11:20-25 Mark 11:27-33 Zechariah 9:9

Historischer und literarischer Kontext

The entry took place at Passover, when Jerusalem swelled with pilgrims and messianic hopes; a king riding a donkey fulfilled Zechariah 9, and the branches and Hosannas came from the pilgrim Psalm 118. Bethphage and Bethany lay on the east slope of the Mount of Olives. The traders sold sacrificial animals and the money changers converted coins into the Tyrian shekels required for the temple tax, both in the Court of the Gentiles, the only part of the temple open to non-Jews, which is why Jesus cites "for all nations." Figs in early April had small early fruit before the main crop; a tree in full leaf with nothing was a sign of barrenness, and the prophets had used the fig tree for Israel. Mark alone frames the temple action with the two halves of the fig tree story.

Wie sich das Kapitel entfaltet

Verses 1 to 11 narrate the colt, the entry, the acclamation, and the quiet look around the temple. Verses 12 to 14 are the cursing of the fig tree. Verses 15 to 19 are the clearing of the temple, the two Scripture quotations, the priests' fear and plotting, and the departure from the city. Verses 20 to 25 return to the withered tree and give the sayings on faith, prayer, and forgiveness. Verses 27 to 33 are the challenge to Jesus' authority in the temple and his counter-question about John's baptism.

Warum dieses Kapitel wichtig ist

Palm Sunday and the cleansing of the temple are among the most depicted scenes of Jesus' life, and "my house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations" has been the church's text against making worship a marketplace. Mark's sandwich of the fig tree around the temple action makes the tree a judgment on a temple full of leaves and empty of fruit, and prepares for Jesus' prophecy of its destruction in chapter 13. "Have faith in God" and "whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you have received it" are foundational texts on prayer, and verse 25 links the prayer of faith to forgiveness in words close to the Lord's Prayer. The question of authority opens the series of confrontations that lead to the cross.

Auslegungsfrage im Blick behalten

Cursing a fig tree "since it was not the season for figs" seems unjust, and readers have explained the act as an enacted parable of the temple, as a search for early fruit that should have been there, or as Mark's honest note of a hard saying. What the temple action meant, a cleansing to restore worship, a protest against the priestly economy, or a prophetic sign of coming destruction, is debated, as is whether such an act in the vast Court of the Gentiles could have been more than symbolic. The promise that prayer with faith can move mountains raises the question of unanswered prayer, which verse 25 partly addresses by tying it to forgiveness.

Fragen zu diesem Kapitel

  • Mark wraps the temple scene inside the fig tree story. What does a tree with leaves and no fruit say about religion that looks alive?
  • Jesus quotes "a house of prayer for all the nations" while standing in the one court open to Gentiles. Who is crowded out of your community's worship?
  • Jesus ties mountain-moving prayer to forgiving others. Why would unforgiveness get in the way of prayer?

Mit Kontext studieren

Nutze dies als Kapitel-Leitfaden und gehe dann tiefer in den Text selbst. Ziel ist es, die Beobachtung zu verlangsamen, die Struktur wahrzunehmen und bessere Fragen zu stellen, bevor man vorschnell zu Schlussfolgerungen kommt.

Zu Notizen hinzufügen
1 Da suka kusa Urushalima, kusa da Betafaji, da Betanya, wajen dutsen zaitun, sai Yesu ya aiki almajiransa biyu 2 ya ce masu, “ ku shiga kauyen can kusa da mu. Da zarar kun shiga za ku ga aholaki a daure, wanda ba a taba hawa ba. Ku kwance shi, ku kawo mani. 3 In wani ya ce maku, “Don me kuke haka? ku ce, 'Ubangiji ne yake bukatarsa, zai kuma komo da shi nan da nan.”' 4 Sai suka tafi, suka tadda aholakin a daure a kofar gida a bakin hanya, suka kwance shi. 5 sai wadanda suke tsaye a gun suka ce masu, “Don me kuke kwance aholakin nan? 6 Suka fada masu abinda Yesu yace, sai suka kyale su suka tafi. 7 Almajiran nan biyu suka kawo wa Yesu aholakin, suka shimfida mayafansu a kai, sai ya hau. 8 Sai mutane da yawa suka shimfida mayafansu a hanya, wadansu kuma suka baza ganyen da suka yanko daga filayen. 9 Wadanda suke gaba da shi da wadanda ke bin bayansa suka yi sowa suna cewa, “Hosanna! Albarka ta tabbata ga mai zuwa cikin sunan Ubangiji. 10 Albarka ta tabbata ga mulkin nan mai zuwa na Ubanmu Dawuda! Dukaka a cikin sama!” 11 San nan Yesu ya shiga Urushalima, ya shiga Haikalin. Sai ya dudduba komai, da magariba ta yi, ya fita ya tafi Betanya tare da goma sha biyu nan. 12 Kashe gari, suka tashi daga Betanya, sai ya ji yunwa. 13 Da ya hango itacen baure mai ganye daga nesa sai ya je ya ga ko za sami 'ya'ya. Da ya iso wurinsa bai ga komai ba sai ganye, don ba lokacin 'ya'yan baure ba ne. 14 Sai ya ce wa bauren, “Kada kowa ya kara cin ''ya'yanka har abada!” Almajiransa kuwa sun ji maganar. 15 Suka iso Urushalima, da shigar su, ya kori masu saye da sayarwa, ya watsar da taburan 'yan canjin kudi, da kujerun masu sayar da tantabaru. 16 Ya hana kowa ya dauki wani abu da za a i ya sayarwa a cikin haikalin. 17 Sai ya koyar da su cewa, “Ashe ba rubuce yake ba, “ Za a kira gidana gidan addu'a na dukan al'ummai? Amma ku kun mayar da shi kogon yan fashi”. 18 Da mayan Faristoci da marubutan attaura suka ji maganar da ya yi, sai suka nami hanyar da za su kashe shi. Amma suka ji tsoronsa domin dukkan taron na mamakin koyarwarsa. 19 Kowace yamma kuma, sukan fita gari. 20 Da safe suna wucewa, sai suka ga bauren nan ya bushe. 21 Bitrus kuwa ya tuna ya ce “Malam, dubi! Baurenan da ka la'anta ya bushe.” 22 Yesu ya amsa masu ya ce, “ ku gaskata da Allah.” 23 Hakika, ina gaya maku, duk wanda ya ce wa dutsen nan tashi ka fada cikin tekun', bai kuwa yi shakka a zuciyarsa ba, amma ya gaskata haka kuwa zai faru, haka kuwa Allah zai yi. 24 Saboda haka ina dai gaya maku, komai kuka yi addu'a kuka roka, ku gaskata cewa samamme ne, zai kuma zama naku. 25 Duk sa'add da kuke addu'a ku gafarta wa wadanda suka yi maku laifi, domin Ubanku shima zai gafarta maku naku laifi.” 26 (Amma in baku gafartawa mutane laifofinsu ba, Ubanku ma da ke sama ba zai gafarta maku ba.) 27 Da suka sake dawowa Urushalima. Yasu na tafiya cikin haikali, sai manyan firistoci, da marubuta, da dattawa suka zo wurinsa, 28 suka ce masa, “Da wanne iko kake yin wadanan abubuwa? Ko kuwa wa ya ba ka ikon yinsu? “ 29 Sai Yesu ya ce masu, “Zan yi maku wata tambaya. ku ba ni amsa, ni kuwa zan gaya maku ko da wanne iko ne nake yin wadannan abubuwan. 30 Baftismar da Yahaya yayi, daga sama take ko kuwa daga mutum take? ku bani amsa”. 31 Sai suka yi mahuwara da juna, suka ce, “in kuwa muka ce, 'daga sama take,' za ya ce, “To, don me ba ku gaskata shi ba? 32 In kuwa muka ce, “ amma in muka ce ta mutum ce zasu jejjefemu domi suna jin tsoron jama'a, don duk kowa ya tabbata, cewa Yahaya annabi ne. 33 Sai suka amsa wa Yesu suka ce, “Ba mu sani ba” Yesu ya ce masu, “Haka ni kuma ba zan fada muku ko da wanne iko nake yin abubuwan nan ba.”

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