Acts 14

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Acts 14 completes the first missionary journey. At Iconium Paul and Barnabas win many Jews and Greeks, divide the city, and flee a plot to stone them. At Lystra Paul heals a man lame from birth, and the crowd hails the two as Zeus and Hermes and prepares a sacrifice; the apostles tear their clothes and preach the living God who gives rain and fruitful seasons. Jews from Antioch and Iconium arrive, stone Paul, and drag him out of the city for dead; he gets up and leaves for Derbe the next day. On the return they strengthen the disciples, warn that the kingdom is entered through many hardships, and appoint elders. Back in Antioch they report that God has opened a door of faith to the Gentiles.

Kapitelkommentar öffnen

Acts 14 is the chapter where being an apostle nearly gets Paul killed twice, and where he keeps walking. In Iconium the preaching works so well that the city splits down the middle, and the two men leave one step ahead of a mob with stones. In Lystra, a backwoods town with its own dialect, Paul looks at a man who has never walked, sees faith in him, and shouts at him to stand, and the man jumps up. The crowd concludes that the old story has come true again: the gods have come down in human form, Barnabas is Zeus and the talkative Paul is Hermes, and the priest of Zeus is at the gate with bulls and garlands before the apostles understand a word. They tear their clothes and run into the crowd shouting that they are only men, and Paul preaches the only sermon in Acts to people who had never heard of Moses: the living God made heaven and earth, let the nations go their way for a while, and yet never left himself without a witness, because he sends rain and harvests and fills your hearts with food and gladness. They can barely stop the sacrifice. Then Jews arrive from the last two towns, turn the same crowd, and stone Paul, and drag him outside the walls as a corpse. The disciples gather around him. He gets up. He goes back into the city, and the next day walks on to Derbe. On the way home he revisits every town that tried to kill him, tells the new believers that this is what entering the kingdom costs, and appoints elders so that they will not be alone.

Historischer und literarischer Kontext

The journey took place around AD 47 or 48 in the Roman province of Galatia, in what is now central Turkey. Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe were towns of Lycaonia, and the crowd's cry "in the Lycaonian language" explains why the apostles were slow to grasp what was happening. A local legend, preserved by the poet Ovid, told of Zeus and Hermes visiting the region in disguise and being welcomed only by an old couple, which is why the people were determined not to miss the gods a second time. Paul's speech at Lystra is the first in Acts to a purely pagan audience and appeals to creation and providence rather than Scripture. Timothy, from Lystra, probably witnessed the stoning. Paul later lists it among his sufferings.

Wie sich das Kapitel entfaltet

Verses 1 to 7 cover Iconium: success, opposition, division, the plot, and the flight to Lystra and Derbe. Verses 8 to 18 cover Lystra: the healing, the acclamation as gods, the sacrifice prepared, and the apostles' protest and sermon. Verses 19 and 20 record the stoning and Paul's recovery. Verses 21 to 23 describe the return visits, the encouragement, the warning about hardships, and the appointment of elders with prayer and fasting. Verses 24 to 28 trace the route home through Pisidia, Pamphylia, Perga, and Attalia to Antioch, and the report to the sending church.

Warum dieses Kapitel wichtig ist

The chapter established the pattern of Paul's mission: synagogue first, then Gentiles, opposition, flight, and return to organize churches with elders. "We must endure many hardships to enter the kingdom of God" is the New Testament's frankest statement that suffering is normal for believers. The Lystra sermon, God known through rain and harvest and "not left without testimony," is the seed of the Christian appeal to natural revelation, developed at Athens in chapter 17. The scene of the apostles refusing worship, "We too are only men," has been the church's rebuke to the cult of religious leaders, and Paul getting up after being stoned is one of the most remarkable images of endurance in Acts.

Auslegungsfrage im Blick behalten

Luke says Paul was stoned and "presumed dead," and readers differ on whether his rising was a miracle or a recovery; Paul's own later mention of a man caught up to paradise has been linked to this day without evidence. Verse 4 calls Barnabas an apostle, which complicates the idea that the apostles were only the Twelve plus Paul. The appointing of elders on a return trip within months raises the question of how quickly new churches should have local leadership. And the Lystra sermon's claim that God "let all nations go their own way" sits beside Romans 1's judgment on those nations.

Fragen zu diesem Kapitel

  • The same crowd wanted to sacrifice to Paul and then stoned him. What does that swing say about the applause of crowds?
  • Paul tells new believers that the kingdom is entered through many hardships. Is that a message churches today would put on their welcome sign?
  • God "has not left Himself without testimony" in rain and harvests. Where do people outside the church encounter his goodness before they hear his name?

Mit Kontext studieren

Nutze dies als Kapitel-Leitfaden und gehe dann tiefer in den Text selbst. Ziel ist es, die Beobachtung zu verlangsamen, die Struktur wahrzunehmen und bessere Fragen zu stellen, bevor man vorschnell zu Schlussfolgerungen kommt.

1 And it came to pass in Iconium that they entered together into the synagogue of the Jews, and so spake that a great multitude of both Jews and Greeks believed. 2 But the Jews who did not believe stirred up the minds of [those of] the nations and made [them] evil-affected against the brethren. 3 They stayed therefore a good while, speaking boldly, [confiding] in the Lord, who gave witness to the word of his grace, giving signs and wonders to be done by their hands. 4 And the multitude of the city was divided, and some were with the Jews and some with the apostles. 5 And when an assault was making, both of [those of] the nations and [the] Jews with their rulers, to use [them] ill and stone them, 6 they, being aware of it, fled to the cities of Lycaonia, Lystra and Derbe, and the surrounding country, 7 and there they were announcing the glad tidings. 8 And a certain man in Lystra, impotent in his feet, sat, [being] lame from his mother's womb, who had never walked. 9 This [man] heard Paul speaking, who, fixing his eyes on him, and seeing that he had faith to be healed, 10 said with a loud voice, Rise up straight upon thy feet: and he sprang up and walked. 11 But the crowds, who saw what Paul had done, lifted up their voices in Lycaonian, saying, The gods, having made themselves like men, are come down to us. 12 And they called Barnabas Jupiter, and Paul Mercury, because he took the lead in speaking. 13 And the priest of Jupiter who was before the city, having brought bulls and garlands to the gates, would have done sacrifice along with the crowds. 14 But the apostles Barnabas and Paul, having heard [it], rent their garments, and rushed out to the crowd, crying 15 and saying, Men, why do ye these things? We also are men of like passions with you, preaching to you to turn from these vanities to the living God, who made the heaven, and the earth, and the sea, and all things in them; 16 who in the past generations suffered all the nations to go in their own ways, 17 though indeed he did not leave himself without witness, doing good, and giving to you from heaven rain and fruitful seasons, filling your hearts with food and gladness. 18 And saying these things, they with difficulty kept the crowds from sacrificing to them. 19 But there came Jews from Antioch and Iconium, and having persuaded the crowds and stoned Paul, drew him out of the city, supposing him to have died. 20 But while the disciples encircled him, he rose up and entered into the city. And on the morrow he went away with Barnabas to Derbe. 21 And having announced the glad tidings to that city, and having made many disciples, they returned to Lystra, and Iconium, and Antioch, 22 establishing the souls of the disciples, exhorting them to abide in the faith, and that through many tribulations we must enter into the kingdom of God. 23 And having chosen them elders in each assembly, having prayed with fastings, they committed them to the Lord, on whom they had believed. 24 And having passed through Pisidia they came to Pamphylia, 25 and having spoken the word in Perga, they came down to Attalia; 26 and thence they sailed away to Antioch, whence they had been committed to the grace of God for the work which they had fulfilled. 27 And having arrived, and having brought together the assembly, they related to them all that God had done with them, and that he had opened a door of faith to the nations. 28 And they stayed no little time with the disciples.

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