Matthew 10

Читайте цей розділ з наміром

Matthew 10 is Jesus' mission discourse. He gives the twelve disciples authority over sickness and unclean spirits, names them, and sends them to the lost sheep of Israel with the message that the kingdom of heaven is near. The instructions cover travelling light, accepting hospitality, and shaking the dust off towns that refuse. Then the horizon widens: they will be flogged, tried before governors, betrayed by family, and hated for his name, yet the Spirit will give them words, and the Father who counts sparrows has numbered every hair on their heads. The chapter ends with the cost of discipleship, a cross to carry and a life to lose, and the reward for anyone who gives a disciple a cup of cold water.

Відкрити коментар до розділу

Matthew 10 is the second of the five great speeches that give Matthew's Gospel its shape, and it is the one about being sent. Jesus has just looked at the crowds like sheep without a shepherd and told his disciples to pray for workers; now he makes them the workers. He gives the Twelve his own authority over disease and demons, names them, and sends them out with almost nothing: no money, no bag, no second tunic, no staff. They are to announce that the kingdom is near, heal, and move on, blessing the homes that welcome them and shaking the dust off the ones that do not. Then the speech changes register. It stops describing a short tour of Galilean villages and starts describing a lifetime. They will be handed over to councils, flogged in synagogues, dragged before governors, betrayed by their own brothers. Matthew has folded into this chapter words that Mark keeps for the end of the age, so that every later reader hears the instructions as addressed to them. The center of the speech is a small argument about fear. Do not fear the people who can only kill the body. Two sparrows sell for a penny and not one falls without your Father; the hairs of your head are counted; you are worth more than many sparrows. From there Jesus goes to the hardest words in the chapter, the sword that divides families and the cross that each follower must carry, and then, almost gently, to the last line: a cup of cold water given to one of these little ones will not lose its reward.

Ключові місця

Matthew 10:5-8 Matthew 10:16-20 Matthew 10:28-31 Matthew 10:37-39 Luke 9:1-6 Mark 13:9-13

Historical and literary context

Matthew gathers into one speech material that Mark and Luke spread across several settings, including sayings about persecution that Mark places in Jesus' teaching about the end of the age. The result reads as instructions for two audiences at once: the Twelve on their first tour of Galilean villages around AD 30, and Matthew's own church a generation later, facing synagogue discipline and Roman courts. The restriction to Israel in verse 5 reflects the first mission; the trials before governors and kings in verse 18 reflect the later one. Travelling teachers who depended on hospitality were a familiar feature of the Jewish and Greco-Roman world, and the rules about staying in one house and accepting what is offered echo that practice.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 4 give the authority and the names of the Twelve. Verses 5 to 15 give the marching orders: the audience, the message, the miracles, the packing list, and the response to welcome or rejection. Verses 16 to 23 predict persecution by courts, synagogues, and families, with the promise of the Spirit's help and the command to flee to the next town. Verses 24 to 33 argue from the disciple's likeness to the master, the sparrows, and the numbered hairs, to the call to confess Christ without fear. Verses 34 to 39 speak of the sword that divides families and the cross that must be carried. Verses 40 to 42 close with the rewards of receiving a disciple.

Why this chapter matters

This is the chapter that defines Christian mission as both sent and costly. "Freely you have received; freely give" in verse 8 shaped the church's refusal to charge for the gospel. "Sheep among wolves, shrewd as snakes and innocent as doves" in verse 16 is the classic description of the believer's posture in a hostile world. The sparrows and the numbered hairs of verses 29 to 31 have comforted the persecuted for two thousand years. "Whoever finds his life will lose it" in verse 39 is one of the most repeated sayings of Jesus, appearing in some form in all four Gospels.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 23 says the disciples will not finish the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes, a line that has been read as the resurrection, the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70, or the final return, none of which fits without remainder. Verse 5 restricts the mission to Israel while 28:19 sends the church to all nations; Matthew presents this as a sequence, not a contradiction. The sword of verse 34 sits uneasily beside the Prince of Peace until one notices that Jesus is describing the effect of loyalty to him on families, not a method he recommends.

Запитання до цього розділу

Jesus tells the Twelve to take no money, bag, or spare clothes. What does depending on the hospitality of strangers do to the way a message is delivered?
Verses 28 to 31 place "do not be afraid" next to a warning about the One who can destroy soul and body. How do those two fears relate?
The chapter says loyalty to Jesus will divide households. How should a disciple hold that alongside the command to honor father and mother?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Додати до нотаток

1 Yesu ya kira almajiransa goma sha biyu, ya kuma ba su ikon fitar da kazaman ruhohi, su warkar da kowacce irin cuta da rashin lafiya. 2 To yanzu ga sunayen manzanin nan goma sha biyu. Na farkon shine, Saminu, wanda ake kira Bitrus, da dan'uwansa Andarawas, da Yakubu dan Zabadi, da dan'uwansa Yahaya; 3 Filibus, da Bartalamawus, da Toma da Matiyu mai karbar haraji da Yakubu dan Halfa, da Taddawus; 4 Saminu Bakairawane, da kuma Yahuza Iskariyoti wanda ya bashe shi. 5 Sha biyun nan su ne Yesu ya aika, ya yi masu umarni ya ce, ''Kada ku shiga wajen al'ummai, ko kuma kowane garin Samariyawa. 6 Sai dai ku je wurin batattun tumaki na gidan Isra'ila. 7 Sa'adda kuna tafiya, kuna wa'azi, kuna cewa, 'Mulkin Sama ya kusato'. 8 Ku warkar da marasa lafiya, ku tada matattu, ku tsarkake kutare, ku kuma fitar da aljanu. Kyauta kuka samu ku ma ku bayar kyauta. 9 Kada ku rike zinariya, ko azurfa, ko tagulla a jakarku. 10 Kada kuma ku dauki zabira a tafiyarku, ko taguwa biyu, ko takalma, ko sanda, don ma'aikaci ya cancanci abincin sa. 11 Kowanne birni, ko kauyen da kuka shiga, ku nemi mai mutunci a cikinsa, ku kuma zauna a wurin har lokacin da za ku tashi. 12 In za ku shiga gida ku ce, salama a gareku. 13 Idan gidan akwai dan salama, salamarku za ta ta tabbata a gare shi. Idan kuwa babu, salamarku za ta komo maku. 14 Ga wadanda su ka ki karbar ku ko sauraron ku, idan za ku fita garin ko gidan, sai ku karkade kurar kafafunku. 15 Hakika, ina gaya maku, a ranar shari'a za a fi rangwanta wa kasar Saduma da ta Gwamrata a kan wannan birni. 16 ''Duba, na aike ku kamar tumaki a tsakiyar kyarketai, don haka sai ku zama masu wayo kamar macizai, da kuma marasa barna kamar kurciyoyi. 17 Ku yi hankali da mutane, don za su kai ku gaban majalisa, su kuma yi maku bulala a majami'unsu. 18 Za su kuma kai ku gaban mahukunta da sarakuna saboda ni, domin ku bada shaida a gabansu, da kuma gaban al'ummai. 19 Idan har sun bada ku, kada ku damu da yadda za ku yi magana, ko kuwa abin da za ku fada, domin za a ba ku abin da za ku fada a lokacin. 20 Domin ba ku ne kuke magana ba, Ruhun Ubanku ne yake magana ta bakinku. 21 Dan'uwa zai ba da dan'uwansa a kashe shi, uba kuwa dansa. 'Ya'ya kuma za su tayarwa iyayensu, har su sa a kashe su. 22 Kowa kuma zai ki ku saboda sunana. Amma duk wanda ya jure har karshe, zai tsira. 23 In sun tsananta maku a wannan gari, ku gudu zuwa na gaba. Hakika ina gaya maku, kafin ku gama zazzaga dukan garuruwan Isra'ila, Dan Mutum zai zo. 24 Almajiri ba ya fin malaminsa, bawa kuma ba yafin ubangijinsa. 25 Dai dai ne almajiri ya zama kamar malaminsa, bawa kuma kamar ubangijinsa. In har sun kira mai gida Ba'alzabuba, za su kuma bata mutanen gidansa! 26 Don haka kada kuji tsoron su, domin ba abin da yake boye da ba za a bayyana ba. 27 Abin da nake fada maku a asirce, ku fada a sarari. Abin da kuma kuka ji a cikin rada, ku yi shelarsa daga kan soraye. 28 Kada ku ji tsoron masu kisan jikin mutum, amma ba sa iya kashe rai. Sai dai ku ji tsoron wannan da yake da ikon kashe jiki ya kuma jefa rai cikin jahannama. 29 Ba 'yan tsuntsaye biyu ake sayarwa akan kobo ba? Ba ko daya a cikin su da zai fadi kasa ba tare da yardar Ubanku ba. 30 Ai, ko da gashin kan ku ma duk a kidaye yake. 31 Kada ku ji tsoro. Gama darajarku ta fi ta tsuntsaye masu yawa. 32 ''Saboda haka duk wanda ya shaida ni a gaban mutane, ni ma zan yi shaidar sa a gaban Ubana wanda ya ke cikin Sama. 33 Amma duk wanda ya yi musun sani na a gaban mutane, ni ma zan yi musun sanin sa a gaban Ubana da yake cikin Sama.'' 34 ''Kada ku zaci na zo ne in kawo salama a duniya. Ban zo domin in kawo salama ba, sai dai takobi. 35 Domin na zo ne in hada mutum da ubansa gaba, 'ya da uwatarta, mata da kuma surukarta. 36 Zai zama na kuma magabtan mutum su ne mutanen gidansa. 37 Dukan wanda ya fi son mahaifinsa ko mahaifayarsa fiye da ni, bai cancanci zama nawa ba. Wanda kuma ya fi son dansa ko 'yarsa fiye da ni, bai cancanci zama nawa ba. 38 Wanda kuma bai dauki gicciyensa ya biyo ni ba, bai cancanci zama nawa ba. 39 Dukan mai son ya ceci ransa, zai rasa shi. Duk kuwa wanda ya rasa ransa saboda ni, yana ceton sa ne. 40 ''Wanda ya marabce ku, ya marabce ni ke nan. 41 Wanda ya marabce ni kuwa, ya marabci wanda ya aiko ni. Wanda ya marabci annabi domin shi annabi ne, zai karbi lada kamar na annabi. Wanda kuma ya marabci mai adalci saboda shi mai adalci ne, zai sami lada kamar na mai adalci. 42 Kowa ya ba daya daga cikin 'yan kananan nan, ko da kofin ruwan sanyi ya sha, domin shi almajirina ne, hakika, Ina gaya maku, ba zai rasa ladarsa ba.''