Acts 13

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Acts 13 is the beginning of the church's deliberate mission to the wider world. In Antioch the Holy Spirit sets apart Barnabas and Saul, and they sail to Cyprus, where a sorcerer is struck blind and a Roman proconsul believes. From there Saul, now called Paul, travels to Pisidian Antioch and preaches the chapter's centerpiece, a sermon in the synagogue that tells Israel's story from Egypt to David and then announces that God has raised Jesus, David's promised descendant, from the dead, so that forgiveness and justification are offered through him. The whole city gathers the next Sabbath; jealousy and opposition follow; and Paul and Barnabas turn to the Gentiles.

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Acts 13 is where the church stops waiting for the world to come to it. In Antioch, during worship and fasting, the Holy Spirit tells the leaders to set apart Barnabas and Saul, and they go, first to Cyprus and then into the interior of Asia Minor. Cyprus gives the journey its first confrontation, a sorcerer named Elymas who tries to keep a Roman governor from the faith and is struck blind, and its first notable convert, the governor himself. Luke marks the moment by calling Saul "Paul" for the first time. Then comes the sermon that occupies the center of the chapter. Invited to speak in the synagogue of Pisidian Antioch, Paul tells the story his hearers already knew, Egypt, the wilderness, the judges, Saul, David, and lands it on Jesus, David's promised descendant, whom Jerusalem did not recognize and God raised from the dead, never to see decay. Through him, Paul says, forgiveness is proclaimed and everyone who believes is justified from everything the law of Moses could not justify them from. The response is enormous and divided. The whole city gathers the next Sabbath; some believe, others contradict, and Paul and Barnabas announce that they will turn to the Gentiles, quoting Isaiah's promise of a light to the nations. They are driven out. They shake the dust off their feet. And the disciples, Luke says, were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.

Passagens-chave

Acts 13:1-3 Acts 13:26-39 Acts 13:46-48 Isaiah 49:6

Historical and literary context

Antioch in Syria was the first largely Gentile church and the base for the journeys that took the gospel across the Roman world. Cyprus was Barnabas's home island. Sergius Paulus was a genuine Roman governor, and his interest reflects the curiosity Judaism and its offshoots attracted among educated Romans. Pisidian Antioch, in the interior of Asia Minor, had a synagogue with both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles, the mixed audience Paul addresses. Luke marks the transition from "Saul" to "Paul" in this chapter, and John Mark's departure at Perga will later cause a rift between Paul and Barnabas.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 3 are the commissioning at Antioch by the Spirit, through fasting, prayer, and laying on of hands. Verses 4 to 12 are Cyprus: preaching in synagogues, the confrontation with Elymas, and the proconsul's faith. Verse 13 records John Mark leaving. Verses 14 to 41 are the sermon at Pisidian Antioch, recounting God's acts from the exodus through the judges, Saul, and David to Jesus, John the Baptist's witness, the crucifixion by those who did not recognize him, the resurrection with quotations from Psalm 2, Isaiah 55, and Psalm 16, and the offer of forgiveness with a warning from Habakkuk. Verses 42 to 52 tell of the crowds, the opposition, the turn to the Gentiles with Isaiah 49, the spread of the word, the expulsion, and the disciples' joy.

Why this chapter matters

Acts 13 records the first missionary journey and the sermon that shows how Paul preached to people who knew the Scriptures: as the completion of Israel's story in the resurrection of Jesus. Verse 39, "through Him everyone who believes is justified from everything you could not be justified from by the law of Moses," is the seed of the doctrine Paul will develop in Romans and Galatians. The turn to the Gentiles in verses 46 and 47, grounded in Isaiah's "light for the Gentiles," is a hinge of the whole book of Acts. The chapter also models mission as something the Spirit initiates and the church confirms through worship, fasting, and prayer.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 48 says that "all who were appointed for eternal life believed," while verse 46 says the opponents "do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life." The chapter places divine appointment and human refusal side by side without explaining how they relate, and Christian traditions have read that juxtaposition very differently. Luke seems content to let both stand.

Perguntas para este capítulo

The mission begins while the church is worshiping and fasting. What does that setting suggest about how the church discerns its calling?
Paul preaches the resurrection by walking through Israel's history. Why might telling the whole story matter more than stating the conclusion?
When opposed, Paul and Barnabas turn to the Gentiles and quote Isaiah. How does rejection become an opening in this chapter?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Adicionar às notas

1 Erant autem in ecclesia quæ erat Antiochiæ, prophetæ et doctores, in quibus Barnabas, et Simon qui vocabatur Niger, et Lucius Cyrenensis, et Manahen, qui erat Herodis Tetrarchæ collactaneus, et Saulus. 2 Ministrantibus autem illis Domino, et jejunantibus, dixit illis Spiritus Sanctus: Segregate mihi Saulum et Barnabam in opus ad quod assumpsi eos. 3 Tunc jejunantes et orantes, imponentesque eis manus, dimiserunt illos. 4 Et ipsi quidem missi a Spiritu Sancto abierunt Seleuciam: et inde navigaverunt Cyprum. 5 Et cum venissent Salaminam, prædicabant verbum Dei in synagogis Judæorum. Habebant autem et Joannem in ministerio. 6 Et cum perambulassent universam insulam usque Paphum, invenerunt quemdam virum magum pseudoprophetam, Judæum, cui nomen erat Barjesu, 7 qui erat cum proconsule Sergio Paulo viro prudente. Hic, accersitis Barnaba et Saulo, desiderabat audire verbum Dei. 8 Resistebat autem illis Elymas magus (sic enim interpretatur nomen ejus), quærens avertere proconsulem a fide. 9 Saulus autem, qui et Paulus, repletus Spiritu Sancto, intuens in eum, 10 dixit: O plene omni dolo et omni fallacia, fili diaboli, inimice omnis justitiæ, non desinis subvertere vias Domini rectas. 11 Et nunc ecce manus Domini super te, et eris cæcus, non videns solem usque ad tempus. Et confestim cecidit in eum caligo et tenebræ: et circuiens quærebat qui ei manum daret. 12 Tunc proconsul cum vidisset factum, credidit admirans super doctrina Domini. 13 Et cum a Papho navigassent Paulus et qui cum eo erant, venerunt Pergen Pamphyliæ. Joannes autem discedens ab eis, reversus est Jerosolymam. 14 Illi vero pertranseuntes Pergen, venerunt Antiochiam Pisidiæ: et ingressi synagogam die sabbatorum, sederunt. 15 Post lectionem autem legis et prophetarum, miserunt principes synagogæ ad eos, dicentes: Viri fratres, si quis est in vobis sermo exhortationis ad plebem, dicite. 16 Surgens autem Paulus, et manu silentium indicens, ait: Viri Israëlitæ, et qui timetis Deum, audite: 17 Deus plebis Israël elegit patres nostros, et plebem exaltavit cum essent incolæ in terra Ægypti, et in brachio excelso eduxit eos ex ea, 18 et per quadraginta annorum tempus mores eorum sustinuit in deserto. 19 Et destruens gentes septem in terra Chanaan, sorte distribuit eis terram eorum, 20 quasi post quadringentos et quinquaginta annos: et post hæc dedit judices, usque ad Samuel prophetam. 21 Et exinde postulaverunt regem: et dedit illis Deus Saul filium Cis, virum de tribu Benjamin, annis quadraginta: 22 et amoto illo, suscitavit illis David regem: cui testimonium perhibens, dixit: Inveni David filium Jesse, virum secundum cor meum, qui faciet omnes voluntates meas. 23 Hujus Deus ex semine secundum promissionem eduxit Israël salvatorem Jesum, 24 prædicante Joanne ante faciem adventus ejus baptismum pœnitentiæ omni populo Israël. 25 Cum impleret autem Joannes cursum suum, dicebat: Quem me arbitramini esse, non sum ego: sed ecce venit post me, cujus non sum dignus calceamenta pedum solvere. 26 Viri fratres, filii generis Abraham, et qui in vobis timent Deum, vobis verbum salutis hujus missum est. 27 Qui enim habitabant Jerusalem, et principes ejus hunc ignorantes, et voces prophetarum quæ per omne sabbatum leguntur, judicantes impleverunt, 28 et nullam causam mortis invenientes in eo, petierunt a Pilato ut interficerent eum. 29 Cumque consummassent omnia quæ de eo scripta erant, deponentes eum de ligno, posuerunt eum in monumento. 30 Deus vero suscitavit eum a mortuis tertia die: qui visus est per dies multos his 31 qui simul ascenderant cum eo de Galilæa in Jerusalem: qui usque nunc sunt testes ejus ad plebem. 32 Et nos vobis annuntiamus eam, quæ ad patres nostros repromissio facta est: 33 quoniam hanc Deus adimplevit filiis nostris resuscitans Jesum, sicut et in psalmo secundo scriptum est: Filius meus es tu, ego hodie genui te. 34 Quod autem suscitavit eum a mortuis, amplius jam non reversurum in corruptionem, ita dixit: Quia dabo vobis sancta David fidelia. 35 Ideoque et alias dicit: Non dabis sanctum tuum videre corruptionem. 36 David enim in sua generatione cum administrasset, voluntati Dei dormivit: et appositus est ad patres suos, et vidit corruptionem. 37 Quem vero Deus suscitavit a mortuis, non vidit corruptionem. 38 Notum igitur sit vobis, viri fratres, quia per hunc vobis remissio peccatorum annuntiatur, et ab omnibus quibus non potuistis in lege Moysi justificari, 39 in hoc omnis qui credit, justificatur. 40 Videte ergo ne superveniat vobis quod dictum est in prophetis: 41 [Videte contemptores, et admiramini, et disperdimini: quia opus operor ego in diebus vestris, opus quod non credetis, si quis enarraverit vobis.] 42 Exeuntibus autem illis rogabant ut sequenti sabbato loquerentur sibi verba hæc. 43 Cumque dimissa esset synagoga, secuti sunt multi Judæorum, et colentium advenarum, Paulum et Barnabam: qui loquentes suadebant eis ut permanerent in gratia Dei. 44 Sequenti vero sabbato pene universa civitas convenit audire verbum Dei. 45 Videntes autem turbas Judæi, repleti sunt zelo, et contradicebant his quæ a Paulo dicebantur, blasphemantes. 46 Tunc constanter Paulus et Barnabas dixerunt: Vobis oportebat primum loqui verbum Dei: sed quoniam repellitis illud, et indignos vos judicatis æternæ vitæ, ecce convertimur ad gentes. 47 Sic enim præcepit nobis Dominus: Posui te in lucem gentium, ut sis in salutem usque ad extremum terræ. 48 Audientes autem gentes, gavisæ sunt, et glorificabant verbum Domini: et crediderunt quotquot erant præordinati ad vitam æternam. 49 Disseminabatur autem verbum Domini per universam regionem. 50 Judæi autem concitaverunt mulieres religiosas et honestas, et primos civitatis, et excitaverunt persecutionem in Paulum et Barnabam: et ejecerunt eos de finibus suis. 51 At illi excusso pulvere pedum in eos, venerunt Iconium. 52 Discipuli quoque replebantur gaudio, et Spiritu Sancto.

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