1 Corintios 6

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1 Corinthians 6 rebukes two ways the Corinthians had let the city's habits into the church. The first is lawsuits: believers were dragging one another before pagan judges, and Paul asks how people who will judge the world and angels cannot settle small disputes themselves, and why they would not rather be wronged. The second is sex: some argued that everything is permissible and the body is indifferent. Paul answers that the body is for the Lord, that a believer's body is a member of Christ and a temple of the Holy Spirit, bought at a price. In between he lists the unrighteous who will not inherit the kingdom and reminds them, "that is what some of you were," but you were washed, sanctified, justified.

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1 Corinthians 6 is about two things the Corinthians were doing exactly as their neighbors did, and Paul's question both times is the same: do you not know who you are? The first is going to court. Believers were suing each other before the city's magistrates, and Paul is astonished. You are going to judge the world; you are going to judge angels; and you cannot find one person among you wise enough to settle a quarrel about money? Even if you could, he says, you have already lost by fighting at all; why not be wronged, why not be cheated, rather than do this in front of unbelievers? Then he lists the kinds of people who will not inherit the kingdom, the immoral and the idolaters and the greedy and the drunkards and the swindlers, and turns the list into grace: that is what some of you were, and you were washed, you were made holy, you were put right, in the name of Jesus and by the Spirit. The second thing is sex. Some Corinthians had a slogan, everything is permissible, and a theory, that the body was as morally neutral as the stomach. Paul grants the slogan and denies the theory. The body is not for immorality but for the Lord, and God, who raised Jesus, will raise it. Your bodies are parts of Christ; shall I take a part of Christ and join it to a prostitute? Run from that, he says, because your body is a temple where the Holy Spirit lives, and you do not own it. You were bought, and the price was high. So honor God with your body.

Passagens-chave

1 Corinthians 6:1-8 1 Corinthians 6:9-11 1 Corinthians 6:12-14 1 Corinthians 6:15-20 Genesis 2:24 1 Corinthians 3:16-17

Historical and literary context

Paul wrote from Ephesus around AD 54 or 55 to a church in Roman Corinth, a commercial city where litigation was a normal way for the well-off to pursue advantage and where the courts favored the wealthy, so the lawsuits were probably rich members suing poorer ones. Corinth's reputation for sexual license was old enough that "to Corinthianize" had meant to fornicate; temple prostitution belongs to the Greek city's legend more than to Paul's day, but ordinary prostitution was legal and unremarkable at dinner parties. The slogans Paul quotes in verses 12 and 13 seem to be the Corinthians' own, perhaps drawn from his teaching on freedom. Jewish communities in the empire settled disputes internally, which is the model Paul assumes.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 8 concern lawsuits: the shame of pagan courts, the saints' future judgment of the world and angels, the absence of a wise arbiter, and the better way of accepting wrong. Verses 9 to 11 list those who will not inherit the kingdom and announce the Corinthians' washing, sanctification, and justification. Verses 12 to 14 answer the slogans with the limits of freedom and the body's destiny in resurrection. Verses 15 to 17 argue from union with Christ against union with a prostitute. Verses 18 to 20 command flight from immorality and ground it in the body as the Spirit's temple, bought at a price, to be used for God's glory.

Why this chapter matters

"Your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit" and "you were bought at a price; therefore glorify God with your body" are among the New Testament's most influential statements about the body, the basis of Christian sexual ethics and of the conviction that what one does physically matters to God. "Such were some of you" in verse 11 has been a text of hope for converts of every kind. The passage on lawsuits shaped the church's practice of internal arbitration and the expectation that Christians would rather suffer loss than fight in public. The vice list of verses 9 and 10 is much debated today, especially its terms for same-sex acts, and is central to that discussion.

Interpretive tension to watch

The two Greek words in verse 9 rendered "men who submit to or perform homosexual acts" are rare and disputed, and translations differ sharply; the passage sits at the center of present-day disagreement about sexuality. The prohibition on lawsuits raises the question of whether Christians may ever use civil courts, which most traditions answer by limiting Paul's words to disputes between believers over trivial matters. "Every other sin is outside the body" in verse 18 is hard to square with drunkenness and gluttony, and readers have proposed that Paul is again quoting a Corinthian slogan before correcting it.

Perguntas para este capítulo

Paul says it would be better to be cheated than to take a fellow believer to court. What would that cost you, and what would it protect?
"That is what some of you were." How does remembering what you were change how you treat people who still are?
If your body is a temple bought at a price, what does that say about how you use it, rest it, and give it?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

Adicionar às notas

1 Algum de vós, tendo um assunto contra outro, ousa ir a juízo perante os injustos, e não perante os santos? 2 Não sabeis que os santos julgarão ao mundo? E se o mundo é julgado por vós, por acaso sois vós indignos de julgar as coisas mínimas? 3 Não sabeis que julgaremos aos anjos? Quanto mais as coisas desta vida! 4 Pois se tiverdes assuntos em juízo, relativos a coisas desta vida, vós pondes como juízes aos que são menos estimados pela igreja? 5 Eu digo [isto] para vos envergonhar. Não há entre vós algum sábio, nem pelo menos um, que não possa julgar entre seus irmãos? 6 Mas irmão vai a juízo contra outro irmão, e isto perante incrédulos? 7 Porém já é uma falta entre vós, por entre vós haverdes disputas. Por que não aceitais serdes injustiçados? Por que não aceitais o prejuízo? 8 Mas vós [mesmos] injustiçais e prejudicais, e isto aos irmãos. 9 Ou não sabeis que os injustos não herdarão o Reino de Deus? Não erreis: nem os pecadores sexuais, nem os idólatras, nem os adúlteros, nem os sexualmente efeminados, nem os homens que fazem sexo com homens, 10 Nem os ladrões, nem os gananciosos, nem os beberrões, nem os maldizentes, nem os extorsores herdarão o Reino de Deus. 11 E isto alguns de vós éreis. Mas [já] estais lavados, e santificados, e justificados no nome do Senhor Jesus, e pelo Espírito de nosso Deus. 12 Todas as coisas me são lícitas, mas nem todas as coisas convêm; todas as coisas me são lícitas, porém eu não deixarei me sujeitar por coisa alguma. 13 A comida é para o estômago, e o estômago é para a comida; mas Deus os aniquilará, tanto a um, como ao outro. Porém o corpo não é para o pecado sexual, mas para o Senhor, e o Senhor [é] para o corpo. 14 E Deus ressuscitou ao Senhor, e também por seu poder nos ressuscitará. 15 Não sabeis vós que vossos corpos são membros de Cristo? Tomarei pois os membros de Cristo, e os farei membros de uma prostituta? De maneira nenhuma! 16 Ou não sabeis que o que se junta [sexualmente] com uma prostituta se torna um [só] corpo [com ela] ? Porque [a Escritura] diz: Os dois serão uma [só] carne. 17 Mas o que se junta com o Senhor, [com ele] se torna um [só] espírito. 18 Fugi do pecado sexual. Todo pecado que o ser humano comete é fora do corpo; mas o que pratica pecado sexual, peca contra seu próprio corpo. 19 Ou não sabeis que vosso corpo é templo do Espírito Santo, o qual está em vós, o qual tendes de Deus, e [que] não sois de vós mesmos? 20 Porque vós fostes comprados por alto preço; então glorificai a Deus em vosso corpo, e em vosso espírito, que são de Deus.

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