Mark 11

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Mark 11 brings Jesus into Jerusalem for the last week. He enters the city on a colt no one has ridden while the crowd spreads cloaks and branches and shouts "Hosanna," looks around the temple, and withdraws to Bethany. The next morning he curses a fig tree that has leaves but no fruit, then drives the traders and money changers out of the temple courts, quoting "house of prayer for all nations" and "den of robbers," so that the chief priests plan his death. The following morning the fig tree is withered, and Jesus teaches on faith that moves mountains, on prayer, and on forgiveness. Asked by what authority he acts, he asks about John's baptism; they refuse to answer, and so does he.

章の解説を開く

Mark 11 is the beginning of the end, and Mark tells it with his usual speed and one carefully built sandwich. Jesus comes over the Mount of Olives on a borrowed colt that no one has ridden, and the crowd knows what it means: cloaks on the road, branches from the fields, Hosanna, blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David. It looks like a coronation. Then, anticlimax: he walks into the temple, looks at everything, and, because it is late, goes back out to Bethany. The next morning he is hungry and finds a fig tree covered in leaves and empty of fruit, and says, so the disciples hear it, that no one will ever eat from it again. Then he goes into the temple and turns it upside down, tables and money and dove cages, and stops the porters carrying goods through the courts, and says that the house that was meant to be a place of prayer for every nation has become a robbers' cave. The priests, who are afraid of him, start planning to kill him. The next morning the fig tree is dead to the roots, and that is when the sandwich closes: the tree with leaves and no fruit was the temple, and the withering is what is coming. Jesus turns it into a lesson about faith that can throw a mountain into the sea, about prayer that believes it has already received, and about forgiving before you pray. When the authorities finally confront him, demanding to know by what right he does these things, he asks them whether John's baptism was from heaven or from men, and they discover that they cannot answer either way without losing.

主要な箇所

Mark 11:1-11 Mark 11:12-14 Mark 11:15-19 Mark 11:20-25 Mark 11:27-33 Zechariah 9:9

Historical and literary context

The entry took place at Passover, when Jerusalem swelled with pilgrims and messianic hopes; a king riding a donkey fulfilled Zechariah 9, and the branches and Hosannas came from the pilgrim Psalm 118. Bethphage and Bethany lay on the east slope of the Mount of Olives. The traders sold sacrificial animals and the money changers converted coins into the Tyrian shekels required for the temple tax, both in the Court of the Gentiles, the only part of the temple open to non-Jews, which is why Jesus cites "for all nations." Figs in early April had small early fruit before the main crop; a tree in full leaf with nothing was a sign of barrenness, and the prophets had used the fig tree for Israel. Mark alone frames the temple action with the two halves of the fig tree story.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 11 narrate the colt, the entry, the acclamation, and the quiet look around the temple. Verses 12 to 14 are the cursing of the fig tree. Verses 15 to 19 are the clearing of the temple, the two Scripture quotations, the priests' fear and plotting, and the departure from the city. Verses 20 to 25 return to the withered tree and give the sayings on faith, prayer, and forgiveness. Verses 27 to 33 are the challenge to Jesus' authority in the temple and his counter-question about John's baptism.

Why this chapter matters

Palm Sunday and the cleansing of the temple are among the most depicted scenes of Jesus' life, and "my house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations" has been the church's text against making worship a marketplace. Mark's sandwich of the fig tree around the temple action makes the tree a judgment on a temple full of leaves and empty of fruit, and prepares for Jesus' prophecy of its destruction in chapter 13. "Have faith in God" and "whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you have received it" are foundational texts on prayer, and verse 25 links the prayer of faith to forgiveness in words close to the Lord's Prayer. The question of authority opens the series of confrontations that lead to the cross.

Interpretive tension to watch

Cursing a fig tree "since it was not the season for figs" seems unjust, and readers have explained the act as an enacted parable of the temple, as a search for early fruit that should have been there, or as Mark's honest note of a hard saying. What the temple action meant, a cleansing to restore worship, a protest against the priestly economy, or a prophetic sign of coming destruction, is debated, as is whether such an act in the vast Court of the Gentiles could have been more than symbolic. The promise that prayer with faith can move mountains raises the question of unanswered prayer, which verse 25 partly addresses by tying it to forgiveness.

この章のための質問

Mark wraps the temple scene inside the fig tree story. What does a tree with leaves and no fruit say about religion that looks alive?
Jesus quotes "a house of prayer for all the nations" while standing in the one court open to Gentiles. Who is crowded out of your community's worship?
Jesus ties mountain-moving prayer to forgiving others. Why would unforgiveness get in the way of prayer?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 Καὶ ὅτε ἐγγίζουσιν εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ, εἰς Βηθφαγὴ καὶ Βηθανίαν, πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν, ἀποστέλλει δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, 2 καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν κώμην τὴν κατέναντι ὑμῶν· καὶ εὐθέως εἰσπορευόμενοι εἰς αὐτὴν εὑρήσετε πῶλον δεδεμένον, ἐφ᾿ ὃν οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων κεκάθικε· λύσαντες αὐτὸν ἀγάγετε. 3 Καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ, Τί ποιεῖτε τοῦτο; εἴπατε ὅτι Ὁ Κύριος αὐτοῦ χρείαν ἔχει· καὶ εὐθέως αὐτὸν ἀποστελεῖ ὧδε. 4 Ἀπῆλθον δὲ καὶ εὗρον τὸν πῶλον δεδεμένον πρὸς τὴν θύραν ἔξω ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀμφόδου, καὶ λύουσιν αὐτόν. 5 Καί τινες τῶν ἐκεῖ ἑστηκότων ἔλεγον αὐτοῖς, Τί ποιεῖτε λύοντες τὸν πῶλον; 6 Οἱ δὲ εἶπον αὐτοῖς καθὼς ἐνετείλατο ὁ Ἰησοῦς· καὶ ἀφῆκαν αὐτούς. 7 Καὶ ἤγαγον τὸν πῶλον πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν· καὶ ἐπέβαλον αὐτῷ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐκάθισεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ. 8 Πολλοὶ δὲ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν ἔστρωσαν εἰς τὴν ὁδόν· ἄλλοι δὲ στοιβάδας ἔκοπτον ἐκ τῶν δένδρων, καὶ ἐστρώννυον εἰς τὴν ὁδόν. 9 Καὶ οἱ προάγοντες καὶ οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες ἔκραζον, λέγοντες, Ὡσαννά· εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου. 10 Εὐλογημένη ἡ ἐρχομένη βασιλεία ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Δαβίδ. Ὡσαννὰ ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις. 11 Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἱερόν· καὶ περιβλεψάμενος πάντα, ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας, ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Βηθανίαν μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα. 12 Καὶ τῇ ἐπαύριον ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ Βηθανίας, ἐπείνασε. 13 Καὶ ἰδὼν συκῆν μακρόθεν, ἔχουσαν φύλλα, ἦλθεν εἰ ἄρα εὑρήσει τι ἐν αὐτῇ· καὶ ἐλθὼν ἐπ᾿ αὐτήν, οὐδὲν εὗρεν εἰ μὴ φύλλα· οὐ γὰρ ἦν καιρὸς σύκων. 14 Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῇ, Μηκέτι ἐκ σοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μηδεὶς καρπὸν φάγοι. Καὶ ἤκουον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ. 15 Καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα· καὶ εἰσελθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἤρξατο ἐκβάλλειν τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ· καὶ τὰς τραπέζας τῶν κολλυβιστῶν, καὶ τὰς καθέδρας τῶν πωλούντων τὰς περιστερὰς κατέστρεψε· 16 καὶ οὐκ ἤφιεν ἵνα τις διενέγκῃ σκεῦος διὰ τοῦ ἱεροῦ. 17 Καὶ ἐδίδασκε, λέγων αὐτοῖς, Οὐ γέγραπται ὅτι Ὁ οἶκός μου οἶκος προσευχῆς κληθήσεται πᾶσι τοῖς ἔθνεσιν; Ὑμεῖς δὲ ἐποιήσατε αὐτὸν σπήλαιον λῃστῶν. 18 Καὶ ἤκουσαν οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς, καὶ ἐζήτουν πῶς αὐτὸν ἀπολέσουσιν· ἐφοβοῦντο γὰρ αὐτόν, ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος ἐξεπλήσσετο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ. 19 Καὶ ὅτε ὀψὲ ἐγένετο, ἐξεπορεύετο ἔξω τῆς πόλεως. 20 Καὶ πρωῒ παραπορευόμενοι, εἶδον τὴν συκῆν ἐξηραμμένην ἐκ ῥιζῶν. 21 Καὶ ἀναμνησθεὶς ὁ Πέτρος λέγει αὐτῷ, Ῥαββί, ἴδε, ἡ συκῆ ἣν κατηράσω ἐξήρανται. 22 Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ἔχετε πίστιν Θεοῦ. 23 Ἀμὴν γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ὃς ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ, Ἄρθητι, καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, καὶ μὴ διακριθῇ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ πιστεύσῃ ὅτι ἃ λέγει γίνεται· ἔσται αὐτῷ ὃ ἐὰν εἴπῃ. 24 Διὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὑμῖν, Πάντα ὅσα ἂν προσευχόμενοι αἰτεῖσθε, πιστεύετε ὅτι λαμβάνετε, καὶ ἔσται ὑμῖν. 25 Καὶ ὅταν στήκητε προσευχόμενοι, ἀφίετε εἴ τι ἔχετε κατά τινος· ἵνα καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀφῇ ὑμῖν τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν. 26 Εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἀφίετε, οὐδὲ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀφήσει τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν. 27 Καὶ ἔρχονται πάλιν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα· καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ περιπατοῦντος αὐτοῦ, ἔρχονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, 28 καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, Ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς; Καὶ τίς σοι τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην ἔδωκεν ἵνα ταῦτα ποιῇς; 29 Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Ἐπερωτήσω ὑμᾶς κἀγὼ ἕνα λόγον, καὶ ἀποκρίθητέ μοι, καὶ ἐρῶ ὑμῖν ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ. 30 Τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἦν, ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων; Ἀποκρίθητέ μοι. 31 Καὶ ἐλογίζοντο πρὸς ἑαυτούς, λέγοντες, Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, Ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ, Διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ; 32 Ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, Ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, ἐφοβοῦντο τὸν λαόν· ἅπαντες γὰρ εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην, ὅτι ὄντως προφήτης ἦν. 33 Καὶ ἀποκριθέντες λέγουσι τῷ Ἰησοῦ, Οὐκ οἴδαμεν. Καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀποκριθεὶς λέγει αὐτοῖς, Οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ.

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次の章を読む Mark 12 in Textus Receptus.

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