Proverbs 14

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Proverbs 14 gathers sayings about the difference between wisdom and folly as it shows up in houses, hearts, words, work, and nations. It contains one of the book's most sobering lines, "There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death," and some of its most tender: the heart knows its own bitterness, even in laughter the heart may ache, a tranquil heart is life to the body. It insists that how a people treat the poor is how they treat their Maker, and that righteousness exalts a nation.

章の解説を開く

Proverbs 14 opens with a house built by a wise woman and torn down by a foolish one, and it keeps returning to what builds and what destroys. The fool's proud speech brings a rod to his back; the wise are protected by their lips. The empty manger is clean, but the harvest comes through the strength of the ox, a proverb that has consoled everyone who has ever cleaned up after productive work. Then the chapter goes somewhere Proverbs rarely goes, inside the heart. It knows its own bitterness, and no stranger shares its joy. Even in laughter it may ache. And in the middle sits the line that the book repeats later because it matters so much: there is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death. The chapter's closing verses are its heaviest. The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life and a refuge for one's children. A patient person has great understanding. A tranquil heart is life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Whoever oppresses the poor taunts their Maker. Righteousness exalts a nation. Read it slowly, one saying at a time, the way it was written to be read, and let the contrasts do their work.

主要な箇所

Proverbs 14:1-4 Proverbs 14:10-13 Proverbs 14:26-31 Proverbs 14:34 Proverbs 16:25

Historical and literary context

The chapter belongs to the Solomonic collection of two-line proverbs in chapters 10 to 22, teaching material for young Israelites learning to live well in family, trade, court, and kingdom. Its references to the manger and the ox, the witness in court, the king and his subjects, and the poor at the gate reflect an agrarian society governed by elders and a monarch. Its sayings were meant to be memorized and turned over, not read once.

How the chapter unfolds

Like its neighbors, the chapter is a sequence of contrasts without a strict outline, but themes cluster. Verses 1 to 9 concern the wise and the fool in house, speech, and work, including the empty manger that comes with no oxen. Verses 10 to 15 turn inward to the heart: its private bitterness, laughter that hides ache, the way that seems right, the simple who believe everything. Verses 16 to 25 contrast prudence with rashness, the poor with the rich, and truthful with lying witnesses. Verses 26 to 35 gather the chapter's weightiest sayings on the fear of the LORD, patience, a tranquil heart, the poor and their Maker, refuge in death, and the righteousness that exalts a nation.

Why this chapter matters

Proverbs 14:12 is one of the most quoted verses in the book, repeated word for word in 16:25, and it names the central danger wisdom exists to address: sincere self-confidence on a path that ends in death. The chapter also offers rare psychological realism for its age, acknowledging private grief no one else can share and joy that ends in sorrow. Verse 31, "Whoever oppresses the poor taunts their Maker," grounds social justice in the doctrine of creation, and verse 34 has been quoted about nations for centuries. Verse 26 promises that the fear of the LORD gives security not only to a person but to their children.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 20 observes that the poor are hated even by their neighbors while the rich have many friends, and the next verse calls despising a neighbor a sin. Is Proverbs describing how the world works or prescribing how it should? The book does both, often in adjacent lines, and the reader has to notice the shift. Reading verse 20 as diagnosis and verse 21 as instruction is the wisdom the chapter is trying to teach.

この章のための質問

Verse 12 warns of a way that seems right and ends in death. What makes a wrong path feel right, and what does the chapter offer as a check?
Verses 10 and 13 admit that hearts carry bitterness and ache that others cannot see. How should that shape the way you treat people who seem fine?
Verse 31 says oppressing the poor taunts their Maker. What follows from that for how a community treats its most vulnerable?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 智慧妇人建立家室；愚妄妇人亲手拆毁。 2 行动正直的，敬畏耶和华；行事乖僻的，却藐视他。 3 愚妄人口中骄傲，如杖责打己身；智慧人的嘴必保守自己。 4 家里无牛，槽头干净；土产加多乃凭牛力。 5 诚实见证人不说谎话；假见证人吐出谎言。 6 亵慢人寻智慧，却寻不着；聪明人易得知识。 7 到愚昧人面前，不见他嘴中有知识。 8 通达人的智慧在乎明白己道；愚昧人的愚妄乃是诡诈。 9 愚妄人犯罪，以为戏耍；正直人互相喜悦。 10 心中的苦楚，自己知道；心里的喜乐，外人无干。 11 奸恶人的房屋必倾倒；正直人的帐棚必兴盛。 12 有一条路，人以为正，至终成为死亡之路。 13 人在喜笑中，心也忧愁；快乐至极就生愁苦。 14 心中背道的，必满得自己的结果；善人必从自己[的行为得以知足]。 15 愚蒙人是话都信；通达人步步谨慎。 16 智慧人惧怕，就远离恶事；愚妄人却狂傲自恃。 17 轻易发怒的，行事愚妄；设立诡计的，被人恨恶。 18 愚蒙人得愚昧为产业；通达人得知识为冠冕。 19 坏人俯伏在善人面前；恶人俯伏在义人门口。 20 贫穷人连邻舍也恨他；富足人朋友最多。 21 藐视邻舍的，这人有罪；怜悯贫穷的，这人有福。 22 谋恶的，岂非走入迷途吗？谋善的，[必得]慈爱和诚实。 23 诸般勤劳都有益处；嘴上多言乃致穷乏。 24 智慧人的财为自己的冠冕；愚妄人的愚昧终是愚昧。 25 作真见证的，救人性命；吐出谎言的，[施行]诡诈。 26 敬畏耶和华的，大有倚靠；他的儿女也有避难所。 27 敬畏耶和华就是生命的泉源，可以使人离开死亡的网罗。 28 帝王荣耀在乎民多；君王衰败在乎民少。 29 不轻易发怒的，大有聪明；性情暴躁的，大显愚妄。 30 心中安静是肉体的生命；嫉妒是骨中的朽烂。 31 欺压贫寒的，是辱没造他的主；怜悯穷乏的，乃是尊敬主。 32 恶人在所行的恶上必被推倒；义人临死，有所投靠。 33 智慧存在聪明人心中；愚昧人心里所存的，显而易见。 34 公义使邦国高举；罪恶是人民的羞辱。 35 智慧的臣子蒙王恩惠；贻羞的仆人遭其震怒。

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