Matthew 1

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Matthew 1 opens the New Testament with a list of names and a birth announced in a dream. The genealogy traces Jesus from Abraham through David to Joseph in three sets of fourteen generations, deliberately including four women with irregular stories and the shame of the exile. Then it tells how Mary was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit, how Joseph resolved to protect her, and how an angel gave the child his name, Jesus, "because He will save His people from their sins," and his title, Immanuel, "God with us."

章の解説を開く

The New Testament begins with a genealogy, which is not how most books try to hold a reader. Matthew knows exactly what he is doing. His first word echoes the title of Genesis, and his list moves from Abraham, to whom the promise was made, through David, to whom the kingdom was promised, down to the exile, where both promises seemed to die, and on to a carpenter in Nazareth. Three sets of fourteen generations, each an act of memory. Along the way he does something no ordinary genealogy would do: he names women, and not the matriarchs. Tamar, who tricked her father-in-law; Rahab of Jericho; Ruth of Moab; and Bathsheba, named only as the wife of the man David had killed. By the time the reader meets Mary, "found to be with child" before her wedding, Matthew has prepared the ground: God has been working through irregular stories all along. The birth itself is told from Joseph's side, and Joseph's righteousness shows in his instinct to protect rather than to expose. An angel gives the child two names. Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins. Immanuel, because God is with us. Matthew will end his Gospel with Jesus saying "I am with you always." The first chapter and the last are the same promise.

主要な箇所

Matthew 1:1-6 Matthew 1:17 Matthew 1:18-21 Matthew 1:22-23 Isaiah 7:14

Historical and literary context

Matthew wrote for readers who knew the Hebrew Scriptures and needed to see that Jesus was the promised heir of Abraham and David. Ancient genealogies established legal standing rather than complete biology, and Matthew arranges his into a memorable pattern of fourteens, with the exile to Babylon as its dark middle hinge. Betrothal in first-century Judaism was legally binding, which is why Joseph, discovering Mary's pregnancy, considers divorce; his choice to do it quietly is what Matthew means by calling him righteous.

How the chapter unfolds

Verse 1 is a title that echoes Genesis: "the record of the genealogy," literally the book of the genesis, of Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham. Verses 2 to 17 give the three blocks of fourteen: Abraham to David, David to the exile, the exile to the Christ. Verses 18 to 25 narrate the birth from Joseph's side: the discovery, his resolve, the angel's message with the name Jesus and its meaning, Matthew's first fulfillment quotation from Isaiah 7:14 with the name Immanuel, and Joseph's obedience.

Why this chapter matters

The chapter announces the two claims Matthew's whole Gospel will defend: Jesus is the Messiah descended from David and Abraham, and Jesus is God with us. The four women in the genealogy, Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba named only as "Uriah's wife," are Gentiles, outsiders, or women with scandalous histories, and their presence prepares the reader for a Messiah who welcomes the unexpected and for a mother whose pregnancy looked scandalous. The two names, Jesus and Immanuel, state the Gospel's purpose and its promise, and Matthew will close his book on the same note: "I am with you always."

Interpretive tension to watch

Matthew's genealogy differs from Luke's, and its count of fourteens requires some compression of the kings' list. Is the pattern historical bookkeeping or theological art, and does the difference matter? Readers who expect a modern family tree miss what Matthew is doing; readers who see the pattern find that fourteen is the numerical value of David's name in Hebrew, and that the whole list is saying "son of David" three times over.

この章のための質問

Why would Matthew go out of his way to include Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Uriah's wife in a royal genealogy?
Joseph is called righteous at the moment he plans to end the betrothal quietly. What does that suggest about the shape of righteousness?
Jesus means "the LORD saves" and Immanuel means "God with us." How do the two names belong together?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 亚伯拉罕的后裔，大卫的子孙，耶稣基督的家谱： 2 亚伯拉罕生以撒；以撒生雅各；雅各生犹大和他的弟兄； 3 犹大从她玛氏生法勒斯和谢拉；法勒斯生希斯；希斯生亚兰； 4 亚兰生亚米拿达；亚米拿达生拿顺；拿顺生撒门； 5 撒门从喇合氏生波阿斯；波阿斯从路得氏生俄备得；俄备得生耶西； 6 耶西生大卫王。大卫从乌利亚的妻子生所罗门； 7 所罗门生罗波安；罗波安生亚比雅；亚比雅生亚撒； 8 亚撒生约沙法；约沙法生约兰；约兰生乌西雅； 9 乌西雅生约坦；约坦生亚哈斯；亚哈斯生希西家； 10 希西家生玛拿西；玛拿西生亚们；亚们生约西亚； 11 百姓被迁到巴比伦的时候，约西亚生耶哥尼雅和他的弟兄。 12 迁到巴比伦之后，耶哥尼雅生撒拉铁；撒拉铁生所罗巴伯； 13 所罗巴伯生亚比玉；亚比玉生以利亚敬；以利亚敬生亚所； 14 亚所生撒督；撒督生亚金；亚金生以律； 15 以律生以利亚撒；以利亚撒生马但；马但生雅各； 16 雅各生约瑟，就是马利亚的丈夫。那称为基督的耶稣是从马利亚生的。 17 这样，从亚伯拉罕到大卫共有十四代；从大卫到迁至巴比伦的时候也有十四代；从迁至巴比伦的时候到基督又有十四代。 18 耶稣基督降生的事记在下面：他母亲马利亚已经许配了约瑟，还没有迎娶，马利亚就从圣灵怀了孕。 19 她丈夫约瑟是个义人，不愿意明明地羞辱她，想要暗暗地把她休了。 20 正思念这事的时候，有主的使者向他梦中显现，[说]：「大卫的子孙约瑟，不要怕！只管娶过你的妻子马利亚来，因她所怀的孕是从圣灵来的。 21 她将要生一个儿子，你要给他起名叫耶稣，因他要将自己的百姓从罪恶里救出来。」 22 这一切的事成就是要应验主借先知所说的话， 23 说：必有童女怀孕生子；人要称他的名为以马内利。（以马内利翻出来就是「　神与我们同在」。） 24 约瑟醒了，起来，就遵着主使者的吩咐把妻子娶过来； 25 只是没有和她同房，等她生了儿子，就给他起名叫耶稣。

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