Acts 13

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Acts 13 is the beginning of the church's deliberate mission to the wider world. In Antioch the Holy Spirit sets apart Barnabas and Saul, and they sail to Cyprus, where a sorcerer is struck blind and a Roman proconsul believes. From there Saul, now called Paul, travels to Pisidian Antioch and preaches the chapter's centerpiece, a sermon in the synagogue that tells Israel's story from Egypt to David and then announces that God has raised Jesus, David's promised descendant, from the dead, so that forgiveness and justification are offered through him. The whole city gathers the next Sabbath; jealousy and opposition follow; and Paul and Barnabas turn to the Gentiles.

章の解説を開く

Acts 13 is where the church stops waiting for the world to come to it. In Antioch, during worship and fasting, the Holy Spirit tells the leaders to set apart Barnabas and Saul, and they go, first to Cyprus and then into the interior of Asia Minor. Cyprus gives the journey its first confrontation, a sorcerer named Elymas who tries to keep a Roman governor from the faith and is struck blind, and its first notable convert, the governor himself. Luke marks the moment by calling Saul "Paul" for the first time. Then comes the sermon that occupies the center of the chapter. Invited to speak in the synagogue of Pisidian Antioch, Paul tells the story his hearers already knew, Egypt, the wilderness, the judges, Saul, David, and lands it on Jesus, David's promised descendant, whom Jerusalem did not recognize and God raised from the dead, never to see decay. Through him, Paul says, forgiveness is proclaimed and everyone who believes is justified from everything the law of Moses could not justify them from. The response is enormous and divided. The whole city gathers the next Sabbath; some believe, others contradict, and Paul and Barnabas announce that they will turn to the Gentiles, quoting Isaiah's promise of a light to the nations. They are driven out. They shake the dust off their feet. And the disciples, Luke says, were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.

主要な箇所

Acts 13:1-3 Acts 13:26-39 Acts 13:46-48 Isaiah 49:6

Historical and literary context

Antioch in Syria was the first largely Gentile church and the base for the journeys that took the gospel across the Roman world. Cyprus was Barnabas's home island. Sergius Paulus was a genuine Roman governor, and his interest reflects the curiosity Judaism and its offshoots attracted among educated Romans. Pisidian Antioch, in the interior of Asia Minor, had a synagogue with both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles, the mixed audience Paul addresses. Luke marks the transition from "Saul" to "Paul" in this chapter, and John Mark's departure at Perga will later cause a rift between Paul and Barnabas.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 3 are the commissioning at Antioch by the Spirit, through fasting, prayer, and laying on of hands. Verses 4 to 12 are Cyprus: preaching in synagogues, the confrontation with Elymas, and the proconsul's faith. Verse 13 records John Mark leaving. Verses 14 to 41 are the sermon at Pisidian Antioch, recounting God's acts from the exodus through the judges, Saul, and David to Jesus, John the Baptist's witness, the crucifixion by those who did not recognize him, the resurrection with quotations from Psalm 2, Isaiah 55, and Psalm 16, and the offer of forgiveness with a warning from Habakkuk. Verses 42 to 52 tell of the crowds, the opposition, the turn to the Gentiles with Isaiah 49, the spread of the word, the expulsion, and the disciples' joy.

Why this chapter matters

Acts 13 records the first missionary journey and the sermon that shows how Paul preached to people who knew the Scriptures: as the completion of Israel's story in the resurrection of Jesus. Verse 39, "through Him everyone who believes is justified from everything you could not be justified from by the law of Moses," is the seed of the doctrine Paul will develop in Romans and Galatians. The turn to the Gentiles in verses 46 and 47, grounded in Isaiah's "light for the Gentiles," is a hinge of the whole book of Acts. The chapter also models mission as something the Spirit initiates and the church confirms through worship, fasting, and prayer.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 48 says that "all who were appointed for eternal life believed," while verse 46 says the opponents "do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life." The chapter places divine appointment and human refusal side by side without explaining how they relate, and Christian traditions have read that juxtaposition very differently. Luke seems content to let both stand.

この章のための質問

The mission begins while the church is worshiping and fasting. What does that setting suggest about how the church discerns its calling?
Paul preaches the resurrection by walking through Israel's history. Why might telling the whole story matter more than stating the conclusion?
When opposed, Paul and Barnabas turn to the Gentiles and quote Isaiah. How does rejection become an opening in this chapter?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 在安提阿的教会中，有几位先知和教师，就是巴拿巴和称呼尼结的西面、古利奈人路求，与分封之王希律同养的马念，并扫罗。 2 他们事奉主、禁食的时候，圣灵说：「要为我分派巴拿巴和扫罗，去做我召他们所做的工。」 3 于是禁食祷告，按手在他们[头]上，就打发他们去了。 4 他们既被圣灵差遣，就下到西流基，从那里坐船往塞浦路斯去。 5 到了撒拉米，就在犹太人各会堂里传讲　神的道，也有约翰作他们的帮手。 6 经过全岛，直到帕弗，在那里遇见一个有法术、假充先知的犹太人，名叫巴·耶稣。 7 这人常和方伯士求·保罗同在。士求·保罗是个通达人，他请了巴拿巴和扫罗来，要听　神的道。 8 只是那行法术的以吕马（这名翻出来就是行法术的意思）敌挡使徒，要叫方伯不信真道。 9 扫罗又名保罗，被圣灵充满，定睛看他， 10 说：「你这充满各样诡诈奸恶，魔鬼的儿子，众善的仇敌，你混乱主的正道还不止住吗？ 11 现在主的手加在你身上，你要瞎眼，暂且不见日光。」他的眼睛立刻昏蒙黑暗，四下里求人拉着手领他。 12 方伯看见所做的事，很希奇主的道，就信了。 13 保罗和他的同人从帕弗开船，来到旁非利亚的别加，约翰就离开他们，回耶路撒冷去。 14 他们离了别加往前行，来到彼西底的安提阿，在安息日进会堂坐下。 15 读完了律法和先知[的书]，管会堂的叫人过去，对他们说：「二位兄台，若有什么劝勉众人的话，请说。」 16 保罗就站起来，举手，说：「以色列人和一切敬畏　神的人，请听。 17 这以色列民的　神拣选了我们的祖宗，当民寄居埃及的时候抬举他们，用大能的手领他们出来； 18 又在旷野容忍他们，约有四十年。 19 既灭了迦南地七族的人，就把那地分给他们为业； 20 此后给他们设立士师，约有四百五十年，直到先知撒母耳的时候。 21 后来他们求一个王，　神就将便雅悯支派中基士的儿子扫罗，给他们作王四十年。 22 既废了扫罗，就选立大卫作他们的王，又为他作见证说：『我寻得耶西的儿子大卫，他是合我心意的人，凡事要遵行我的旨意。』 23 从这人的后裔中，　神已经照着所应许的，为以色列人立了一位救主，就是耶稣。 24 在他没有出来以先，约翰向以色列众民宣讲悔改的洗礼。 25 约翰将行尽他的程途说：『你们以为我是谁？我不是[基督]；只是有一位在我以后来的，我解他脚上的鞋带也是不配的。』 26 「弟兄们，亚伯拉罕的子孙和你们中间敬畏　神的人哪，这救世的道是传给我们的。 27 耶路撒冷居住的人和他们的官长，因为不认识基督，也不明白每安息日所读众先知的书，就把基督定了死罪，正应了先知的预言； 28 虽然查不出他有当死的罪来，还是求彼拉多杀他； 29 既成就了[经上]指着他所记的一切话，就把他从木头上取下来，放在坟墓里。 30 神却叫他从死里复活。 31 那从加利利同他上耶路撒冷的人多日看见他，这些人如今在民间是他的见证。 32 我们也报好信息给你们，就是那应许祖宗的话， 33 神已经向我们这作儿女的应验，叫耶稣复活了。正如诗篇第二篇上记着说：你是我的儿子，我今日生你。 34 论到　神叫他从死里复活，不再归于朽坏，就这样说：我必将[所应许]大卫那圣洁、可靠的[恩典]赐给你们。 35 又有一篇上说：你必不叫你的圣者见朽坏。 36 「大卫在世的时候遵行了　神的旨意，就睡了，归到他祖宗那里，已见朽坏； 37 惟独　神所复活的，他并未见朽坏。 38 所以，弟兄们，你们当晓得：赦罪的道是由这人传给你们的。 39 你们靠摩西的律法，在一切不得称义的事上信靠这人，就都得称义了。 40 所以，你们务要小心，免得先知书上所说的临到你们。 41 主[说]：你们这轻慢的人要观看，要惊奇，要灭亡；因为在你们的时候，我行一件事，虽有人告诉你们，你们总是不信。」 42 他们出会堂的时候，众人请他们到下安息日再讲这话给他们听。 43 散会以后，犹太人和敬虔进犹太教的人多有跟从保罗、巴拿巴的。二人对他们讲道，劝他们务要恒久在　神的恩中。 44 到下安息日，合城的人几乎都来聚集，要听　神的道。 45 但犹太人看见人这样多，就满心嫉妒，硬驳保罗所说的话，并且毁谤。 46 保罗和巴拿巴放胆说：「　神的道先讲给你们原是应当的；只因你们弃绝这道，断定自己不配得永生，我们就转向外邦人去。 47 因为主曾这样吩咐我们说：我已经立你作外邦人的光，叫你施行救恩，直到地极。」 48 外邦人听见这话，就欢喜了，赞美　神的道；凡预定得永生的人都信了。 49 于是主的道传遍了那一带地方。 50 但犹太人挑唆虔敬、尊贵的妇女和城内有名望的人，逼迫保罗、巴拿巴，将他们赶出境外。 51 二人对着众人跺下脚上的尘土，就往以哥念去了。 52 门徒满心喜乐，又被圣灵充满。

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