Acts 1

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Acts 1 is the bridge between the Gospel of Luke and the story of the church. Luke describes the forty days of appearances, the command to wait in Jerusalem for the promised Spirit, and the disciples' question about restoring the kingdom to Israel. Jesus redirects it: the timing is the Father's, but they will receive power and be his witnesses in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and to the ends of the earth. He is taken up, two men in white promise he will return the same way, and the disciples go back to the upper room to pray with the women, Mary, and Jesus' brothers. Peter explains Judas's death from the Psalms, and the community chooses Matthias by lot to restore the Twelve.

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Acts 1 is the hinge on which the New Testament turns. Luke, writing again to Theophilus, picks up where his Gospel stopped: Jesus, risen, showing himself alive over forty days with proofs that convinced, teaching about the kingdom, and telling his disciples not to leave Jerusalem until the Father's promise arrived. They ask the question anyone would ask, whether this is the moment he restores the kingdom to Israel, and he neither says yes nor no. The times are not theirs to know. What is theirs is power, and a job: to be his witnesses in Jerusalem, then Judea and Samaria, then to the ends of the earth, a sentence that is the outline of the whole book that follows. Then he is lifted up, a cloud takes him, and the disciples are still staring at the sky when two men in white ask them why. He will come back the way he went. They walk the short Sabbath distance back into the city and climb to the upper room, and Luke lists who is there: the eleven, the women, Mary his mother, and his brothers, who had once tried to take him home as a madman and are now on their knees with the rest. Peter stands up in a room of about a hundred and twenty and does the first piece of church business, filling the place Judas left. Two men are proposed, the community prays that the Lord who knows every heart will choose, and the lot falls to Matthias. It is the last time the church casts lots. In the next chapter the Spirit comes, and it never needs to again.

主要な箇所

Acts 1:1-5 Acts 1:6-8 Acts 1:9-11 Acts 1:12-14 Acts 1:15-26 Luke 24:44-53

Historical and literary context

Acts is the second volume of a two-part work addressed to Theophilus, perhaps a patron, written by the author of the third Gospel, traditionally Luke the physician and companion of Paul. The Mount of Olives lies just east of Jerusalem, a Sabbath day's journey, about two thousand cubits or under a kilometer, being the distance Jewish law allowed on the Sabbath. Casting lots to discern God's choice was ancient practice, used for the priestly duties and the division of the land; this is the last time the church does it, since the Spirit arrives in the next chapter. Peter quotes Psalms 69 and 109 for Judas. A gathering of about a hundred and twenty was a substantial community. Judas's field, Akeldama, was still pointed out in Jerusalem when Luke wrote.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 5 recap the Gospel, the forty days, the kingdom teaching, and the command to wait for the Spirit. Verses 6 to 8 give the question about Israel's kingdom and the answer that becomes the outline of the book. Verses 9 to 11 narrate the ascension and the angels' promise. Verses 12 to 14 describe the return to the upper room and the praying community, with the list of the eleven. Verses 15 to 22 are Peter's speech on Judas and the need for a replacement, with Luke's parenthesis on Judas's death. Verses 23 to 26 present the two candidates, the prayer, the lot, and Matthias's enrollment with the eleven.

Why this chapter matters

Verse 8 is the table of contents for the whole book of Acts, Jerusalem in chapters 1 to 7, Judea and Samaria in 8 to 12, the ends of the earth from 13 on, and it has been the charter of Christian mission ever since. The ascension, narrated only here in detail, entered the creeds and gave the church its picture of Christ reigning in heaven and returning as he left. "Why do you stand here looking into the sky?" is the classic rebuke to a faith that waits instead of witnessing. The community of verse 14, apostles, women, and Jesus' family praying together, is the first portrait of the church, and the presence of his brothers, who had not believed during his ministry, is its own quiet resurrection story.

Interpretive tension to watch

Luke's account of Judas falling headlong in a field he bought differs from Matthew's account of Judas hanging himself and the priests buying the field, and harmonizers have worked on the two for centuries. Matthias is never mentioned again, and some have asked whether the church acted too soon and Paul was the intended twelfth apostle; Luke shows no such doubt. The disciples' question about restoring the kingdom to Israel is not rejected, only its timing, which leaves open what Luke thought about Israel's future. And the forty days, the cloud, and the two men in white are told with such restraint that readers disagree about how literally the ascension is meant to be pictured.

この章のための質問

The disciples ask about restoring the kingdom; Jesus answers with a mission. How do the two questions, "when will you fix things?" and "what should we do?", relate?
The angels ask why they are staring into the sky. What does waiting for Christ's return look like when it is done well?
Jesus' brothers, who once thought he was out of his mind, are in the upper room praying. What changed them?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 提阿非罗啊，我已经作了前书，论到耶稣开头一切所行所教训的， 2 直到他借着圣灵吩咐所拣选的使徒，以后被接上升的日子为止。 3 他受害之后，用许多的凭据将自己活活地显给使徒看，四十天之久向他们显现，讲说　神国的事。 4 耶稣和他们聚集的时候，嘱咐他们说：「不要离开耶路撒冷，要等候父所应许的，就是你们听见我说过的。 5 约翰是用水施洗，但不多几日，你们要受圣灵的洗。」 6 他们聚集的时候，问耶稣说：「主啊，你复兴以色列国就在这时候吗？」 7 耶稣对他们说：「父凭着自己的权柄所定的时候、日期，不是你们可以知道的。 8 但圣灵降临在你们身上，你们就必得着能力，并要在耶路撒冷、犹太全地，和撒马利亚，直到地极，作我的见证。」 9 说了这话，他们正看的时候，他就被取上升，有一朵云彩把他接去，便看不见他了。 10 当他往上去，他们定睛望天的时候，忽然有两个人身穿白衣，站在旁边，说： 11 「加利利人哪，你们为什么站着望天呢？这离开你们被接升天的耶稣，你们见他怎样往天上去，他还要怎样来。」 12 有一座山，名叫橄榄山，离耶路撒冷不远，约有安息日可走的路程。当下，门徒从那里回耶路撒冷去， 13 进了城，就上了所住的一间楼房；在那里有彼得、约翰、雅各、安得烈、腓力、多马、巴多罗买、马太、亚勒腓的儿子雅各、奋锐党的西门，和雅各的儿子犹大。 14 这些人同着几个妇人和耶稣的母亲马利亚，并耶稣的弟兄，都同心合意地恒切祷告。 15 那时，有许多人[聚会]，约有一百二十名，彼得就在弟兄中间站起来， 16 说：「弟兄们！圣灵借大卫的口，在圣经上预言领人捉拿耶稣的犹大，这话是必须应验的。 17 他本来列在我们数中，并且在[使徒的]职任上得了一分。 18 这人用他作恶的工价买了一块田，以后身子仆倒，肚腹崩裂，肠子都流出来。 19 住在耶路撒冷的众人都知道这事，所以按着他们那里的话给那块田起名叫亚革大马，就是「血田」的意思。 20 因为诗篇上写着，说：愿他的住处变为荒场，无人在内居住；又说：愿别人得他的职分。 21 所以，主耶稣在我们中间始终出入的时候， 22 就是从约翰施洗起，直到主离开我们被接上升的日子为止，必须从那常与我们作伴的人中立一位与我们同作耶稣复活的见证。」 23 于是选举两个人，就是那叫做巴撒巴，又称呼犹士都的约瑟，和马提亚。 24 众人就祷告说：「主啊，你知道万人的心，求你从这两个人中，指明你所拣选的是谁，叫他得这使徒的位分。这位分犹大已经丢弃，往自己的地方去了。」 26 于是众人为他们摇签，摇出马提亚来；他就和十一个使徒同列。

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