1 Corinthians 9

この章を意図をもって読む

1 Corinthians 9 is Paul's defense of his freedom and his explanation of why he gives it up. He has every right to be supported by the churches he serves: soldiers are paid, the law forbids muzzling a threshing ox, temple priests eat from the altar, and the Lord commanded that preachers live from the gospel. Yet Paul has used none of these rights, working with his hands so that the gospel costs nothing. Preaching is not his boast but his obligation; his reward is to offer it free. He has made himself a slave to all, a Jew to Jews, weak to the weak, all things to all people to save some. The chapter ends with the runner and the boxer who discipline their bodies for an imperishable crown.

章の解説を開く

1 Corinthians 9 sounds at first like a man defending his expenses, and in a way it is. Some in Corinth had noticed that Paul refused their money, and had drawn conclusions: either he was not a real apostle, or he knew his work was not worth paying for. Paul answers with a barrage of questions. Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Do soldiers pay their own way? Does a farmer not eat his own grapes? Does the law not say you may not muzzle the ox that treads the grain? Do the priests not eat from the altar? Did the Lord not say that those who preach should live from the preaching? Having established the right beyond argument, he says he has never used it and never will. He would rather die. Preaching is not something he can take credit for, since he is under orders, woe to me if I do not preach; the only thing left to boast about is giving it away for nothing. Then he explains a policy that has puzzled and inspired the church ever since. Free of everyone, he has made himself everyone's slave: a Jew among Jews, an outsider among outsiders, weak among the weak, all things to all people, to save some of them. The chapter ends at the games that Corinth hosted every other year. Everyone runs, one wins; the athletes train hard for a crown of leaves that will be brown in a week; we run for one that lasts. So Paul runs with purpose, boxes with aim, and keeps his own body in hand, so that the man who preached to others is not himself disqualified.

主要な箇所

1 Corinthians 9:1-14 1 Corinthians 9:15-18 1 Corinthians 9:19-23 1 Corinthians 9:24-27 Deuteronomy 25:4 Philippians 3:12-14

Historical and literary context

Paul wrote from Ephesus around AD 54 or 55. Traveling teachers in the Greek world were expected to accept fees or patronage, and Paul's refusal of Corinthian money, while he accepted gifts from Philippi, had become a point of suspicion, as if he did not consider himself a real apostle or was hiding something. He supported himself as a leatherworker, a low-status trade. "Cephas" is Peter, who traveled with his wife; "the Lord's brothers" include James. The command that preachers live from the gospel echoes Jesus' saying that the worker deserves his wages. Corinth hosted the Isthmian Games every two years, so the runner, the boxer, and the perishable crown of pine or celery leaves were local images.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 6 assert Paul's apostleship and his rights to food, drink, a wife, and support. Verses 7 to 14 argue the right from common life, from the law of Moses on the ox, from the temple, and from the Lord's command. Verses 15 to 18 explain why he waives it: the gospel free of charge is his boast and reward, since preaching itself is compulsion. Verses 19 to 23 describe his adaptability, all things to all people, for the sake of the gospel. Verses 24 to 27 draw the athletic conclusion: run to win, train with discipline, do not be disqualified.

Why this chapter matters

"I have become all things to all people so that by all possible means I might save some" is the founding text of Christian mission strategy and of every argument for adapting the form of the message to its hearers. "Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel" has been the confession of preachers for two millennia, and verse 14 is the biblical basis for paying ministers. The runner and the imperishable crown gave Christian devotion its language of training, discipline, and finishing the race. Paul's example of waiving a right for the gospel's sake, which closes the argument about food offered to idols begun in chapter 8, is the classic case of freedom limited by love.

Interpretive tension to watch

"All things to all people" is easily read as a license for chameleon behavior, and interpreters stress the limits Paul himself states: he is under the law of Christ, and the goal is salvation, not approval. His refusal of support in Corinth while accepting it elsewhere was read by some as inconsistency, and 2 Corinthians shows the accusation stuck. Verse 27, "I myself will not be disqualified," raises the question of whether Paul thought he could lose his salvation, or only his usefulness or reward; the traditions divide. And his reading of the muzzled ox, "Is it about oxen that God is concerned?", is an early example of typological interpretation that some find strained.

この章のための質問

Paul had a right to be paid and chose not to use it. What right of yours might the gospel ask you to lay down?
"All things to all people" has limits. How do you adapt to the people you want to reach without losing what you are trying to give them?
Athletes train for a crown that withers. What would training look like for the crown that does not?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 我不是自由的吗？我不是使徒吗？我不是见过我们的主耶稣吗？你们不是我在主里面所做之工吗？ 2 假若在别人，我不是使徒，在你们，我总是使徒，因为你们在主里正是我作使徒的印证。 3 我对那盘问我的人就是这样分诉： 4 难道我们没有权柄[靠福音]吃喝吗？ 5 难道我们没有权柄娶[信主的]姊妹为妻，带着一同往来，仿佛其余的使徒和主的弟兄并矶法一样吗？ 6 独有我与巴拿巴没有权柄不做工吗？ 7 有谁当兵自备粮饷呢？有谁栽葡萄园不吃园里的果子呢？有谁牧养牛羊不吃牛羊的奶呢？ 8 我说这话，岂是照人的意见；律法不也是这样说吗？ 9 就如摩西的律法记着说：「牛[在场上]踹谷的时候，不可笼住它的嘴。」难道　神所挂念的是牛吗？ 10 不全是为我们说的吗？分明是为我们说的。因为耕种的当存着指望去耕种；打场的也当存得[粮]的指望去打场。 11 我们若把属灵的种子撒在你们中间，就是从你们收割奉养肉身之物，这还算大事吗？ 12 若别人在你们身上有这权柄，何况我们呢？然而，我们没有用过这权柄，倒凡事忍受，免得基督的福音被阻隔。 13 你们岂不知为圣事劳碌的就吃殿中的物吗？伺候祭坛的就分领坛上的物吗？ 14 主也是这样命定，叫传福音的靠着福音养生。 15 但这权柄我全没有用过。我写这话，并非要你们这样待我，因为我宁可死也不叫人使我所夸的落了空。 16 我传福音原没有可夸的，因为我是不得已的。若不传福音，我便有祸了。 17 我若甘心做这事，就有赏赐；若不甘心，责任却已经托付我了。 18 既是这样，我的赏赐是什么呢？就是我传福音的时候叫人不花钱得福音，免得用尽我传福音的权柄。 19 我虽是自由的，无人辖管；然而我甘心作了众人的仆人，为要多得人。 20 向犹太人，我就作犹太人，为要得犹太人；向律法以下的人，我虽不在律法以下，还是作律法以下的人，为要得律法以下的人。 21 向没有律法的人，我就作没有律法的人，为要得没有律法的人；其实我在　神面前，不是没有律法；在基督面前，正在律法之下。 22 向软弱的人，我就作软弱的人，为要得软弱的人。向什么样的人，我就作什么样的人。无论如何，总要救些人。 23 凡我所行的，都是为福音的缘故，为要与人同得这福音[的好处]。 24 岂不知在场上赛跑的都跑，但得奖赏的只有一人？你们也当这样跑，好叫你们得着奖赏。 25 凡较力争胜的，诸事都有节制，他们不过是要得能坏的冠冕；我们却是要得不能坏的冠冕。 26 所以，我奔跑不像无定向的；我斗拳不像打空气的。 27 我是攻克己身，叫身服我，恐怕我传[福音]给别人，自己反被弃绝了。

読むことを本当の学びに変える

登録すると、聖句のブックマーク、ノート作成、AIツールでの学びができます。

新規登録ログイン

この章の後の次のステップを選ぶ読み続けるか、プランを選ぶか、AIで学習を続けてください。

次の章を読む 1 Corinthians 10 in 和合本（简体）.

読書プラン

この章を繰り返し可能な習慣にしたい場合は、プランを選んでください。

この章についてAIに聞く

テキストが疑問を提起したり、一度の読書よりも深く迫る場合は、AI学習を続けてください。

この章が開くテーマを追うこの章が開いたより大きな疑問に関連するトピックハブ。

すべてのトピックを閲覧