Matthew 8

この章を意図をもって読む

Matthew 8 follows the Sermon on the Mount with a chapter of action, as if to show that the one who taught with authority also acts with it. Jesus touches and cleanses a leper, heals a Roman centurion's servant from a distance and marvels at the man's faith, cures Peter's mother-in-law, and heals crowds in fulfillment of Isaiah's "He took on our infirmities." He tells two would-be followers what discipleship costs, sleeps through a storm and then silences it, and frees two demon-possessed men in Gentile country, after which the whole town asks him to leave.

章の解説を開く

Matthew 8 begins the moment the Sermon on the Mount ends. Jesus comes down the mountain and the crowds follow, and the first person to reach him is a leper, a man the law required to keep his distance. Jesus reaches out and touches him. The second is a Roman centurion, an officer of the occupying army, who asks for his servant and then declines Jesus's offer to come, because he understands authority: say the word, and it will be done. Jesus marvels, and says that many will come from east and west to sit with Abraham while the expected guests are left outside. Peter's mother-in-law is healed with a touch; an evening of healings follows, and Matthew hears in it Isaiah's servant who took on our infirmities. Then the chapter turns to cost. A scribe volunteers and is told the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head; a disciple asks to bury his father first and is told to let the dead bury their dead. A storm rises on the sea while Jesus sleeps; the disciples wake him, he rebukes the wind and the water, and they ask the question the whole Gospel exists to answer: what kind of man is this? The chapter ends on the far shore, where two men are delivered from a legion of demons, a herd of pigs drowns, and the whole town comes out to ask Jesus to leave.

主要な箇所

Matthew 8:1-4 Matthew 8:5-13 Matthew 8:18-22 Matthew 8:23-27 Isaiah 53:4

Historical and literary context

The chapter opens as Jesus comes down the mountain, and Matthew arranges ten miracles across chapters 8 and 9 to present Jesus as the Messiah in deed as the sermon presented him in word. Lepers were excluded from the community under the law; a centurion was a Gentile officer of the occupying army; the region of the Gadarenes, on the east side of the sea, was Gentile territory where pigs were kept. Each encounter crosses a boundary of purity, nation, or power. The quotation of Isaiah 53:4 in verse 17 ties the healings to the suffering servant.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 4 are the leper, touched and cleansed and sent to the priest. Verses 5 to 13 are the centurion, whose understanding of authority astonishes Jesus and prompts the saying about many coming from east and west. Verses 14 to 17 are Peter's mother-in-law and the evening of healings, with Isaiah quoted. Verses 18 to 22 are two would-be disciples: foxes have dens, let the dead bury their dead. Verses 23 to 27 are the storm on the sea, the sleeping Jesus, the disciples' cry, and the calm. Verses 28 to 34 are the two demon-possessed men, the pigs, and the town that begs Jesus to go.

Why this chapter matters

Matthew 8 shows the range of Jesus's authority: over disease, over distance, over demons, over the sea itself. The centurion's words, "just say the word," have entered Christian liturgy, prayed before communion in many traditions. The question the disciples ask in the boat, "What kind of man is this?", is the question the whole Gospel is answering. The chapter is also honest about the cost and the rejection that come with Jesus: the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head, following him outranks even burying a father, and a town that has just seen two men freed asks him to leave because of the pigs.

Interpretive tension to watch

"Let the dead bury their own dead" is among the hardest sayings of Jesus, apparently overriding one of the most sacred duties of the ancient world. Was the man's father already dead, or was he asking to wait until an aged parent died? Either way, Jesus places the call to follow above every competing claim, and the saying resists softening. The pigs, too, trouble readers: two men are freed and a herd is lost, and the town prefers its pigs. The chapter lets the reader feel that choice.

この章のための質問

Jesus touches the leper before speaking. What does the touch communicate that the word alone would not?
The centurion understands Jesus's authority from his own experience of command. What in your experience helps you understand how Jesus works?
The town asked Jesus to leave after he freed two men. What might make a community prefer its pigs to its neighbors' healing?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 And when he had come down from the mountain, great numbers of people came after him. 2 And a leper came and gave him worship, saying, Lord, if it is your pleasure, you have power to make me clean. 3 And he put his hand on him, saying, It is my pleasure; be clean. And straight away he was made clean. 4 And Jesus said to him, See that you say nothing about this to anyone; but go and let the priest see you and make the offering which was ordered by Moses, for a witness to them. 5 And when Jesus was come into Capernaum, a certain captain came to him with a request, 6 Saying, Lord, my servant is ill in bed at the house, with no power in his body, and in great pain. 7 And he said to him, I will come and make him well. 8 And the captain in answer said, Lord, I am not good enough for you to come under my roof; but only say the word, and my servant will be made well. 9 Because I myself am a man under authority, having under me fighting men; and I say to this one, Go, and he goes; and to another, Come, and he comes; and to my servant, Do this, and he does it. 10 And when these words came to the ears of Jesus he was surprised, and said to those who came after him, Truly I say to you, I have not seen such great faith, no, not in Israel. 11 And I say to you that numbers will come from the east and the west, and will take their seats with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven: 12 But the sons of the kingdom will be put out into the dark, and there will be weeping and cries of pain. 13 And Jesus said to the captain, Go in peace; as your faith is, so let it be done to you. And the servant was made well in that hour. 14 And when Jesus had come into Peter's house, he saw his wife's mother in bed, very ill. 15 And he put his hand on hers and the disease went from her, and she got up and took care of his needs. 16 And in the evening, they took to him a number of people who had evil spirits; and he sent the spirits out of them with a word, and made well all who were ill; 17 So that the word of Isaiah the prophet might come true: He himself took our pains and our diseases. 18 Now when Jesus saw a great mass of people about him, he gave an order to go to the other side. 19 And there came a scribe and said to him, Master, I will come after you wherever you go. 20 And Jesus said to him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of heaven have a resting-place; but the Son of man has nowhere to put his head. 21 And another of the disciples said to him, Lord, let me first go and give the last honours to my father. 22 But Jesus said to him, Come after me; and let the dead take care of their dead. 23 And when he had got into a boat, his disciples went after him. 24 And there came up a great storm in the sea, so that the boat was covered with the waves: but he was sleeping. 25 And they came to him, and, awaking him, said, Help, Lord; destruction is near. 26 And he said to them, Why are you full of fear, O you of little faith? Then he got up and gave orders to the winds and the sea; and there was a great calm. 27 And the men were full of wonder, saying, What sort of man is this, that even the winds and the sea do his orders? 28 And when he had come to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, there came out to him from the place of the dead, two who had evil spirits, so violent that no man was able to go that way. 29 And they gave a loud cry, saying, What have we to do with you, you Son of God? Have you come here to give us punishment before the time? 30 Now there was, some distance away, a great herd of pigs taking their food. 31 And the evil spirits made strong prayers to him, saying, If you send us out, let us go into the herd of pigs. 32 And he said to them, Go. And they came out, and went into the pigs; and the herd went rushing down a sharp slope into the sea and came to their end in the water. 33 And their keepers went in flight to the town and gave an account of everything, and of the men who had the evil spirits. 34 And all the town came out to Jesus; and seeing him they made request that he would go away from their part of the country.

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