Proverbs 17

この章を意図をもって読む

Proverbs 17 is a collection of twenty-eight sayings, most of them contrasts, on the themes of peace in the home, the testing of hearts, fools and friends, bribes and justice, and the tongue. It opens with a dry crust eaten in quiet being better than a feast with quarreling, and includes some of the book's most quoted lines: the LORD tests hearts as a furnace tests gold; whoever mocks the poor insults their Maker; a friend loves at all times; starting a quarrel is like breaching a dam; a joyful heart is good medicine; and even a fool who keeps silent is thought wise. Running through it is the conviction that the LORD sees what courts and crowds miss.

章の解説を開く

Proverbs 17 is the kind of chapter that rewards reading slowly, one saying at a time, because it does not argue; it observes. It opens at the dinner table: better a dry crust eaten in peace than a house full of roast meat and shouting. It moves to the workshop, where silver goes into the crucible and gold into the furnace, and then says the LORD does the same with hearts. It walks through the village and notices the man who laughs at the poor, and tells him he is laughing at their Maker. It stops to admire old men surrounded by grandchildren. Then it goes to the gate, where the town's business was done, and watches the bribes change hands, the quarrels start like water finding a crack in a dam, the guilty acquitted and the innocent condemned, both of which, it says, the LORD detests. In the middle of all this sits the verse everyone knows, a friend loves at all times and a brother is born for adversity, and near the end the verse doctors quote, a joyful heart is good medicine, but a broken spirit dries up the bones. The chapter has a sharp eye for fools: the one who has money but no intention of buying wisdom, the one whose eyes wander to the ends of the earth, the one it is more dangerous to meet than a she-bear robbed of her cubs. Its last word is its funniest and its truest: even a fool is thought wise if he keeps his mouth shut.

主要な箇所

Proverbs 17:1-6 Proverbs 17:9-14 Proverbs 17:17 Proverbs 17:22 Proverbs 17:27-28 James 1:19

Historical and literary context

The chapter belongs to the main Solomonic collection, Proverbs 10 to 22, sayings attributed to Solomon and gathered over centuries for the instruction of young men entering public life. Its world is the village and the court: households where a servant can outrank a worthless son, gates where disputes were judged and bribes changed hands, and a wisdom tradition shared with Egypt, whose Instruction of Amenemope has close parallels. "Striking hands in pledge" was the gesture of guaranteeing another person's debt, warned against repeatedly in the book. The bear robbed of her cubs was a real danger in the hills of Israel, and the crucible and furnace were the technology of the metalworker.

How the chapter unfolds

The sayings are loosely grouped rather than argued. Verses 1 to 6 concern the household: quiet over feasting, the wise servant, the tester of hearts, the mocker of the poor, and grandchildren as a crown. Verses 7 to 15 turn to public life, with the fool, bribes, concealed offenses, rebuke, the bear and the fool, returning evil for good, quarrels, and corrupt verdicts. Verses 16 to 22 include the fool with money, the friend who loves at all times, the foolish pledge, and the joyful heart as medicine. Verses 23 to 28 close with bribes and justice again, the wandering eyes of the fool, the grief of a foolish son, restraint in speech, and the silent fool taken for wise.

Why this chapter matters

Verse 17 is the Bible's most quoted line on friendship and verse 22 its most quoted on the link between mood and health, cited by physicians and pastors alike. Verse 5, mocking the poor as an insult to their Maker, grounds the dignity of the poor in creation and is echoed in the New Testament. Verse 3, the LORD as tester of hearts, is a standard text on divine knowledge and on trials as refining. Verse 28 is the source of the proverb about fools who keep silent, and verse 14, abandoning a quarrel before it breaks out, is the wisdom tradition's best advice on conflict.

Interpretive tension to watch

Verse 8 says a bribe is a charm that brings success wherever its giver turns, an observation that sounds like approval until verse 23 condemns the bribe that perverts justice; the book describes how things work before it says how they should. Verse 9 praises concealing an offense while other proverbs praise open rebuke, and the reader must judge which applies. Verse 2, where a wise servant inherits alongside the sons, cuts against the social order it describes. And a chapter that makes a joyful heart good medicine also says the father of a fool has no joy, a reminder that the book's optimism is never guaranteed.

この章のための質問

Verse 1 prefers a dry crust in peace to a feast with strife. What would you give up for quiet in your home?
Verse 9 says concealing an offense promotes love; verse 10 says a rebuke goes deep in a discerning person. How do you decide when to cover something and when to say it?
The LORD is "the tester of hearts." What does a furnace do to metal, and what does that image say about hard seasons?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

ノートに追加

1 마른 떡 한 조각만 있고도 화목하는 것이 육선이 집에 가득하고 다투는 것보다 나으니라 2 슬기로운 종은 주인의 부끄러움을 끼치는 아들을 다스리겠고 또 그 아들들 중에서 유업을 나눠 얻으리라 3 도가니는 은을,풀무는 금을 연단하거니와 여호와는 마음을 연단 하시느니라 4 악을 행하는 자는 궤사한 입술을 잘 듣고 거짓말을 하는 자는 악한 혀에 귀를 기울이느니라 5 가난한 자를 조롱하는 자는 이를 지으신 주를 멸시하는 자요 사람의 재앙을 기뻐하는 자는 형벌을 면치 못할 자니라 6 손자는 노인의 면류관이요 아비는 자식의 영화니라 7 분외의 말을 하는 것도 미련한 자에게 합당치 아니하거든 하물며 거짓말을 하는 것이 존귀한 자에게 합당하겠느냐 8 뇌물은 임자의 보기에 보석 같은즉 어디로 향하든지 형통케 하느니라 9 허물을 덮어 주는 자는 사랑을 구하는 자요 그것을 거듭 말하는 자는 친한 벗을 이간하는 자니라 10 한 마디로 총명한 자를 경계하는 것이 매 백개로 미련한 자를 때리는 것보다 더욱 깊이 박이느니라 11 악한 자는 반역만 힘쓰나니 그러므로 그에게 잔인한 사자가 보냄을 입으리라 12 차라리 새끼 빼앗긴 암콤을 만날지언정 미련한 일을 행하는 미련한 자를 만나지 말 것이니라 13 누구든지 악으로 선을 갚으면 악이 그 집을 떠나지 아니하리라 14 다투는 시작은 방축에서 물이 새는 것 같은즉 싸움이 일어나기 전에 시비를 그칠 것이니라 15 악인을 의롭다 하며 의인을 악하다 하는 이 두 자는 다 여호와의 미워하심을 입느니라 16 미련한 자는 무지하거늘 손에 값을 가지고 지혜를 사려 함은 어찜인고 17 친구는 사랑이 끊이지 아니하고 형제는 위급한 때까지 위하여 났느니라 18 지혜없는 자는 남의 손을 잡고 그 이웃 앞에서 보증이 되느니라 19 다툼을 좋아하는 자는 죄과를 좋아하는 자요 자기 문을 높이는 자는 파괴를 구하는 자니라 20 마음이 사특한 자는 복을 얻지 못하고 혀가 패역한 자는 재앙에 빠지느니라 21 미련한 자를 낳는 자는 근심을 당하나니 미련한 자의 아비는 낙이 없느니라 22 마음의 즐거움은 양약이라도 심령의 근심은 뼈로 마르게 하느니라 23 악인은 사람의 품에서 뇌물을 받고 재판을 굽게 하느니라 24 지혜는 명철한 자의 앞에 있거늘 미련한 자는 눈을 땅 끝에 두느니라 25 미련한 아들은 그 아비의 근심이 되고 그 어미의 고통이 되느니라 26 의인을 벌하는 것과 귀인을 정직하다고 때리는 것이 선치 못하니라 27 말을 아끼는 자는 지식이 있고 성품이 안존한 자는 명철하니라 28 미련한 자라도 잠잠하면 지혜로운 자로 여기우고 그 입술을 닫히면 슬기로운 자로 여기우느니라

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