Matthew 18

اقرأ هذا الفصل بقصد

Matthew 18 is Jesus's teaching on life inside the community of his followers, and it begins with a child. Asked who is greatest in the kingdom, Jesus sets a child among the disciples and says that entering the kingdom requires becoming like one. He warns of millstones for anyone who causes a little one to stumble, tells of a shepherd who leaves ninety-nine sheep for one, lays out how to confront a brother who sins, promises his presence where two or three gather, and, when Peter asks how often to forgive, answers with seventy-seven times and a parable about a servant forgiven an unpayable debt who would not forgive a small one.

فتح تفسير الإصحاح

Matthew 18 answers a question the disciples keep asking in different forms: who is the greatest? Jesus answers by calling a child over and standing him in the middle of the group. Unless you turn and become like this, you will not even enter the kingdom, let alone rank in it. From that child the chapter never really moves away. The little ones must not be caused to stumble; better a millstone and the sea than that. The little ones must not be despised; their angels see the Father's face. When one of them wanders, the shepherd leaves the ninety-nine and goes after the one, because the Father is not willing that any of them perish. When one of them sins against you, go to him privately, then with witnesses, then before the church, and know that Christ himself is present where two or three gather in his name. Then Peter asks the question the whole chapter has been leading to: how many times must I forgive? Seven? Not seven, Jesus says, but seventy-seven, and tells a story to explain why. A servant who owed a king more than he could earn in a thousand lifetimes was forgiven everything, walked out, and seized a colleague by the throat over a few months' wages. The king's question is the chapter's question: should you not have had mercy, as I had on you?

مقاطع رئيسية

Matthew 18:1-6 Matthew 18:12-14 Matthew 18:15-20 Matthew 18:21-35 Deuteronomy 19:15

Historical and literary context

The chapter is the fourth of Matthew's five great teaching blocks, sometimes called the community discourse, given in Galilee before the final journey to Jerusalem. Children in the ancient world had no status, which is the point of Jesus's object lesson. The procedure for confronting a sinning brother draws on Deuteronomy 19 and its rule of two or three witnesses, and "tell it to the church" is one of only two uses of the word "church" in the Gospels. The ten thousand talents of the parable was an almost unimaginable sum, larger than the annual revenue of whole provinces, set against a hundred denarii, a few months' wages.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 5 answer the question of greatness with a child. Verses 6 to 9 warn against causing little ones to stumble and against the hand, foot, or eye that causes oneself to sin. Verse 10 speaks of the angels of the little ones. Verses 12 to 14 give the parable of the lost sheep, with the Father unwilling that any little one perish. Verses 15 to 20 lay out confrontation, witnesses, the church, binding and loosing, and Christ's presence among two or three. Verses 21 to 35 are Peter's question, the answer of seventy-seven times, and the parable of the unforgiving servant, ending with the warning that the Father will treat those who refuse to forgive from the heart the same way.

Why this chapter matters

Matthew 18 has shaped how churches handle greatness, sin, and forgiveness. Its picture of the child as the model of the kingdom reversed every ancient assumption about status. Its step-by-step process for a brother who sins, private confrontation, then witnesses, then the church, is the foundation of Christian practices of correction and reconciliation. "Where two or three gather together in My name, there am I with them" is among the most quoted promises of Jesus. And the parable of the unforgiving servant is the Bible's sharpest illustration of why forgiven people must forgive: the debt God cancels is beyond repayment, and the debts we hold against each other are small beside it.

Interpretive tension to watch

The chapter promises that whatever the church binds or looses on earth is bound or loosed in heaven, and that the Father grants what two agree to ask. Readers have taken these as sweeping guarantees or as promises tied to their context of reconciling a sinning brother. Likewise, the parable ends with the forgiven servant handed over to be tortured until he repays. Is God's forgiveness conditional on ours? The chapter's own logic suggests that refusing to forgive reveals a heart that never received forgiveness, rather than a bargain God revokes.

أسئلة لهذا الفصل

Jesus answers a question about greatness by placing a child in the middle. What about a child is he asking the disciples to become?
The process in verses 15 to 17 begins privately. Why might Jesus insist on that order, and what goes wrong when it is skipped?
The forgiven servant is choked by a debt of a few months' wages after being released from one of impossible size. Where does that proportion show up in your own grudges?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

أضف للملاحظات

1 At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Who then is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” 2 Jesus invited a little child to stand among them. 3 “Truly I tell you,” He said, “unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. 4 Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. 5 And whoever welcomes a little child like this in My name welcomes Me. 6 But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea. 7 Woe to the world for the causes of sin. These stumbling blocks must come, but woe to the man through whom they come! 8 If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life crippled or lame than to have two hands and two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire. 9 And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell. 10 See that you do not look down on any of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of My Father in heaven. 12 What do you think? If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go out to search for the one that is lost? 13 And if he finds it, truly I tell you, he rejoices more over that one sheep than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray. 14 In the same way, your Father in heaven is not willing that any of these little ones should perish. 15 If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. 16 But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ 17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector. 18 Truly I tell you, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. 19 Again, I tell you truly that if two of you on the earth agree about anything you ask for, it will be done for you by My Father in heaven. 20 For where two or three gather together in My name, there am I with them.” 21 Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive my brother who sins against me? Up to seven times?” 22 Jesus answered, “I tell you, not just seven times, but seventy-seven times! 23 Because of this, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. 24 As he began the settlements, a debtor was brought to him owing ten thousand talents. 25 Since the man was unable to pay, the master ordered that he be sold to pay his debt, along with his wife and children and everything he owned. 26 Then the servant fell on his knees before him. ‘Have patience with me,’ he begged, ‘and I will pay back everything.’ 27 His master had compassion on him, forgave his debt, and released him. 28 But when that servant went out, he found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii. He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’ 29 So his fellow servant fell down and begged him, ‘Have patience with me, and I will pay you back.’ 30 But he refused. Instead, he went and had the man thrown into prison until he could pay his debt. 31 When his fellow servants saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and recounted all of this to their master. 32 Then the master summoned him and declared, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave all your debt because you begged me. 33 Shouldn’t you have had mercy on your fellow servant, just as I had on you?’ 34 In anger his master turned him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should repay all that he owed. 35 That is how My heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother from your heart.”