Mark 11

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Mark 11 brings Jesus into Jerusalem for the last week. He enters the city on a colt no one has ridden while the crowd spreads cloaks and branches and shouts "Hosanna," looks around the temple, and withdraws to Bethany. The next morning he curses a fig tree that has leaves but no fruit, then drives the traders and money changers out of the temple courts, quoting "house of prayer for all nations" and "den of robbers," so that the chief priests plan his death. The following morning the fig tree is withered, and Jesus teaches on faith that moves mountains, on prayer, and on forgiveness. Asked by what authority he acts, he asks about John's baptism; they refuse to answer, and so does he.

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Mark 11 is the beginning of the end, and Mark tells it with his usual speed and one carefully built sandwich. Jesus comes over the Mount of Olives on a borrowed colt that no one has ridden, and the crowd knows what it means: cloaks on the road, branches from the fields, Hosanna, blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David. It looks like a coronation. Then, anticlimax: he walks into the temple, looks at everything, and, because it is late, goes back out to Bethany. The next morning he is hungry and finds a fig tree covered in leaves and empty of fruit, and says, so the disciples hear it, that no one will ever eat from it again. Then he goes into the temple and turns it upside down, tables and money and dove cages, and stops the porters carrying goods through the courts, and says that the house that was meant to be a place of prayer for every nation has become a robbers' cave. The priests, who are afraid of him, start planning to kill him. The next morning the fig tree is dead to the roots, and that is when the sandwich closes: the tree with leaves and no fruit was the temple, and the withering is what is coming. Jesus turns it into a lesson about faith that can throw a mountain into the sea, about prayer that believes it has already received, and about forgiving before you pray. When the authorities finally confront him, demanding to know by what right he does these things, he asks them whether John's baptism was from heaven or from men, and they discover that they cannot answer either way without losing.

مقاطع رئيسية

Mark 11:1-11 Mark 11:12-14 Mark 11:15-19 Mark 11:20-25 Mark 11:27-33 Zechariah 9:9

Historical and literary context

The entry took place at Passover, when Jerusalem swelled with pilgrims and messianic hopes; a king riding a donkey fulfilled Zechariah 9, and the branches and Hosannas came from the pilgrim Psalm 118. Bethphage and Bethany lay on the east slope of the Mount of Olives. The traders sold sacrificial animals and the money changers converted coins into the Tyrian shekels required for the temple tax, both in the Court of the Gentiles, the only part of the temple open to non-Jews, which is why Jesus cites "for all nations." Figs in early April had small early fruit before the main crop; a tree in full leaf with nothing was a sign of barrenness, and the prophets had used the fig tree for Israel. Mark alone frames the temple action with the two halves of the fig tree story.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 11 narrate the colt, the entry, the acclamation, and the quiet look around the temple. Verses 12 to 14 are the cursing of the fig tree. Verses 15 to 19 are the clearing of the temple, the two Scripture quotations, the priests' fear and plotting, and the departure from the city. Verses 20 to 25 return to the withered tree and give the sayings on faith, prayer, and forgiveness. Verses 27 to 33 are the challenge to Jesus' authority in the temple and his counter-question about John's baptism.

Why this chapter matters

Palm Sunday and the cleansing of the temple are among the most depicted scenes of Jesus' life, and "my house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations" has been the church's text against making worship a marketplace. Mark's sandwich of the fig tree around the temple action makes the tree a judgment on a temple full of leaves and empty of fruit, and prepares for Jesus' prophecy of its destruction in chapter 13. "Have faith in God" and "whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you have received it" are foundational texts on prayer, and verse 25 links the prayer of faith to forgiveness in words close to the Lord's Prayer. The question of authority opens the series of confrontations that lead to the cross.

Interpretive tension to watch

Cursing a fig tree "since it was not the season for figs" seems unjust, and readers have explained the act as an enacted parable of the temple, as a search for early fruit that should have been there, or as Mark's honest note of a hard saying. What the temple action meant, a cleansing to restore worship, a protest against the priestly economy, or a prophetic sign of coming destruction, is debated, as is whether such an act in the vast Court of the Gentiles could have been more than symbolic. The promise that prayer with faith can move mountains raises the question of unanswered prayer, which verse 25 partly addresses by tying it to forgiveness.

أسئلة لهذا الفصل

Mark wraps the temple scene inside the fig tree story. What does a tree with leaves and no fruit say about religion that looks alive?
Jesus quotes "a house of prayer for all the nations" while standing in the one court open to Gentiles. Who is crowded out of your community's worship?
Jesus ties mountain-moving prayer to forgiving others. Why would unforgiveness get in the way of prayer?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

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1 저희가 예루살렘에 가까이 와서 감람산 벳바게와 베다니에 이르렀을 때에 예수께서 제자 중 둘을 보내시며 2 이르시되 `너희 맞은편 마을로 가라 그리로 들어가면 곧 아직 아무 사람도 타 보지 않은 나귀 새끼의 매여 있는 것을 보리니 풀어 끌고 오너라 3 만일 누가 너희에게 왜 이리 하느냐 ? 묻거든 주가 쓰시겠다 ! 하라 그리하면 즉시 이리로 보내리라' 하시니 4 제자들이 가서 본즉 나귀 새끼가 문 앞 거리에 매여 있는지라 그것을 푸니 5 거기 섰는 사람 중 어떤 이들이 가로되 `나귀새끼를 풀어 무엇하려느냐 ?' 하매 6 제자들이 예수의 이르신대로 말한대 이에 허락하는지라 7 나귀 새끼를 예수께로 끌고 와서 자기들의 겉옷을 그 위에 걸쳐 두매 예수께서 타시니 8 많은 사람은 자기 겉옷과 다른 이들은 밭에서 벤 나무가지를 길에 펴며 9 앞에서 가고 뒤에서 따르는 자들이 소리지르되 `호산나 찬송하리로다 주의 이름으로 오시는 이여 ! 10 찬송하리로다 오는 우리 조상 다윗의 나라여 ! 가장 높은 곳에서 호산나' 하더라 11 예수께서 예루살렘에 이르러 성전에 들어가사 모든 것을 둘러 보시고 때가 이미 저물매 열 두 제자를 데리시고 베다니에 나가시다 12 이튿날 저희가 베다니에서 나왔을 때에 예수께서 시장하신지라 13 멀리서 잎사귀 있는 한 무화과나무를 보시고 혹 그 나무에 무엇이 있을까 하여 가셨더니 가서 보신즉 잎사귀 외에 아무 것도 없더라 이는 무화과의 때가 아님이라 14 예수께서 나무에게 일러 가라사대 `이제부터 영원토록 사람이 네게서 열매를 따먹지 못하리라' 하시니 제자들이 이를 듣더라 15 저희가 예루살렘에 들어가니라 예수께서 성전에 들어가사 성전 안에서 매매하는 자들을 내어 쫓으시며 돈 바꾸는 자들의 상과 비둘기 파는 자들의 의자를 둘러 엎으시며 16 아무나 기구를 가지고 성전 안으로 지나다님을 허치 아니하시고 17 이에 가르쳐 이르시되 `기록된 바 내 집은 만민의 기도하는 집이라 칭함을 받으리라고 하지 아니하였느냐 ? 너희는 강도의 굴혈을 만들었도다' 하시매 18 대제사장들과 서기관들이 듣고 예수를 어떻게 멸할까 하고 꾀하니 이는 무리가 다 그의 교훈을 기이히 여기므로 그를 두려워함 일러라 19 매양 저물매 저희가 성 밖으로 나가더라 20 저희가 아침에 지나갈 때에 무화과나무가 뿌리로부터 마른 것을 보고 21 베드로가 생각이 나서 여짜오되 `랍비여, 보소서 저주하신 무화과 나무가 말랐나이다' 22 예수께서 대답하여 저희에게 이르시되 `하나님을 믿으라 ! 23 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 누구든지 이 산더러 들리어 바다에 던지우라 하며 그 말하는 것이 이를 줄 믿고 마음에 의심치 아니하면 그대로 되리라 ! 24 그러므로 내가 너희에게 말하노니 무엇이든지 기도하고 구하는 것은 받은 줄로 믿으라 그리하면 너희에게 그대로 되리라 25 서서 기도할 때에 아무에게나 혐의가 있거든 용서하라 그리하여야 하늘에 계신 너희 아버지도 너희 허물을 사하여 주시리라' 하셨더라 26 (없 음) 27 저희가 다시 예루살렘에 들어가니라 예수께서 성전에서 걸어다니실 때에 대제사장들과 서기관들과 장로들이 나아와 28 가로되 `무슨 권세로 이런 일을 하느뇨 ? 누가 이런 일 할 이 권세를 주었느뇨 ?' 29 예수께서 가라사대 `나도 한 말을 너희에게 물으리니 대답하라 그리하면 나도 무슨 권세로 이런 일을 하는지 이르리라 30 요한의 세례가 하늘로서냐 ? 사람에게로서냐 ? 내게 대답하라' 31 저희가 서로 의논하여 가로되 `만일 하늘로서라 하면 어찌하여 저를 믿지 아니하였느냐 ? 할 것이니 32 그러면 사람에게로서라 할까 ?' 하였으나 모든 사람이 요한을 참 선지자로 여기므로 저희가 백성을 무서워하는지라 33 이에 예수께 대답하여 가로되 `우리가 알지 못하노라? 하니 예수께서 가라사대 `나도 무슨 권세로 이런 일을 하는지 너희에게 이르지 아니하리라' 하시니라