Mark 11

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Mark 11 brings Jesus into Jerusalem for the last week. He enters the city on a colt no one has ridden while the crowd spreads cloaks and branches and shouts "Hosanna," looks around the temple, and withdraws to Bethany. The next morning he curses a fig tree that has leaves but no fruit, then drives the traders and money changers out of the temple courts, quoting "house of prayer for all nations" and "den of robbers," so that the chief priests plan his death. The following morning the fig tree is withered, and Jesus teaches on faith that moves mountains, on prayer, and on forgiveness. Asked by what authority he acts, he asks about John's baptism; they refuse to answer, and so does he.

打开章节注释

Mark 11 is the beginning of the end, and Mark tells it with his usual speed and one carefully built sandwich. Jesus comes over the Mount of Olives on a borrowed colt that no one has ridden, and the crowd knows what it means: cloaks on the road, branches from the fields, Hosanna, blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David. It looks like a coronation. Then, anticlimax: he walks into the temple, looks at everything, and, because it is late, goes back out to Bethany. The next morning he is hungry and finds a fig tree covered in leaves and empty of fruit, and says, so the disciples hear it, that no one will ever eat from it again. Then he goes into the temple and turns it upside down, tables and money and dove cages, and stops the porters carrying goods through the courts, and says that the house that was meant to be a place of prayer for every nation has become a robbers' cave. The priests, who are afraid of him, start planning to kill him. The next morning the fig tree is dead to the roots, and that is when the sandwich closes: the tree with leaves and no fruit was the temple, and the withering is what is coming. Jesus turns it into a lesson about faith that can throw a mountain into the sea, about prayer that believes it has already received, and about forgiving before you pray. When the authorities finally confront him, demanding to know by what right he does these things, he asks them whether John's baptism was from heaven or from men, and they discover that they cannot answer either way without losing.

Historical and literary context

The entry took place at Passover, when Jerusalem swelled with pilgrims and messianic hopes; a king riding a donkey fulfilled Zechariah 9, and the branches and Hosannas came from the pilgrim Psalm 118. Bethphage and Bethany lay on the east slope of the Mount of Olives. The traders sold sacrificial animals and the money changers converted coins into the Tyrian shekels required for the temple tax, both in the Court of the Gentiles, the only part of the temple open to non-Jews, which is why Jesus cites "for all nations." Figs in early April had small early fruit before the main crop; a tree in full leaf with nothing was a sign of barrenness, and the prophets had used the fig tree for Israel. Mark alone frames the temple action with the two halves of the fig tree story.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 11 narrate the colt, the entry, the acclamation, and the quiet look around the temple. Verses 12 to 14 are the cursing of the fig tree. Verses 15 to 19 are the clearing of the temple, the two Scripture quotations, the priests' fear and plotting, and the departure from the city. Verses 20 to 25 return to the withered tree and give the sayings on faith, prayer, and forgiveness. Verses 27 to 33 are the challenge to Jesus' authority in the temple and his counter-question about John's baptism.

Why this chapter matters

Palm Sunday and the cleansing of the temple are among the most depicted scenes of Jesus' life, and "my house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations" has been the church's text against making worship a marketplace. Mark's sandwich of the fig tree around the temple action makes the tree a judgment on a temple full of leaves and empty of fruit, and prepares for Jesus' prophecy of its destruction in chapter 13. "Have faith in God" and "whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you have received it" are foundational texts on prayer, and verse 25 links the prayer of faith to forgiveness in words close to the Lord's Prayer. The question of authority opens the series of confrontations that lead to the cross.

Interpretive tension to watch

Cursing a fig tree "since it was not the season for figs" seems unjust, and readers have explained the act as an enacted parable of the temple, as a search for early fruit that should have been there, or as Mark's honest note of a hard saying. What the temple action meant, a cleansing to restore worship, a protest against the priestly economy, or a prophetic sign of coming destruction, is debated, as is whether such an act in the vast Court of the Gentiles could have been more than symbolic. The promise that prayer with faith can move mountains raises the question of unanswered prayer, which verse 25 partly addresses by tying it to forgiveness.

这一章的思考问题

  • Mark wraps the temple scene inside the fig tree story. What does a tree with leaves and no fruit say about religion that looks alive?
  • Jesus quotes "a house of prayer for all the nations" while standing in the one court open to Gentiles. Who is crowded out of your community's worship?
  • Jesus ties mountain-moving prayer to forgiving others. Why would unforgiveness get in the way of prayer?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

1 And when they came nye to Hierusalem vnto Bethphage and Bethanie besydes mout olivete he sent forth two of his disciples 2 and sayde vnto the: Goo youre wayes into the toune that is over agaynst you. And assone as ye be entred into it ye shall fynde a coolte bounde wheron never man sate: loose him and bringe him. 3 And if eny man saye vnto you: why do ye soo? Saye that the Lorde hath neade of him: and streight waye he will sende him hidder. 4 And they wet their waye and foud a coolte tyed by the dore with out in a place where two wayes met and they losed him. 5 And divers of the that stode there sayde vnto the: what do ye loosinge the coolte? 6 And they sayd vnto them even as Iesus had commaunded the. And they let them goo. 7 And they brought the coolte to Iesus and caste their garmetes on him: and he sate vpo him. 8 And many sprede there garmetes in the waye. Other cut doune brauches of the trees and strawed them in the waye. 9 And they that went before and they that folowed cryed sayinge: Hos anna: blessed be he that cometh in the name of the Lorde. 10 Blessed be the kingdome that cometh in the name of him that is Lorde of oure father David. Hos anna in the hyest. 11 And the Lorde entred in to Ierusalem and into the temple. And when he had loked roudabout vpon all thinges and now the even tyde was come he went out vnto Bethany with the twelve. 12 And on the morowe when they were come out from Bethany he hungred 13 and spyed a fygge tree a farre of havinge leves and wet to se whether he myght finde eny thinge ther on. But when he came therto he foude no thinge but leves: for the tyme of fygges was not yet. 14 And Iesus answered and sayde to it: never man eate frute of the here after whill the worlde stondith. And his disciples hearde it. 15 And they came to Ierusalem. And Iesus wet into the temple and begane to cast out the sellers and byers in the temple and overthrewe the tables of the money chaungers and the stoles of them that solde doves: 16 and wolde not suffre that eny man caried a vessell thorow the temple. 17 And he taught sayinge vnto them is it not written: my housse shalbe called the housse of prayer vnto all nacions? But ye have made it a deen of theves. 18 And the Scribes and hye prestes hearde that and sought howe to distroye him. For they feared him because all the people marveled at his doctrine. 19 And when even was come he went out of the cite. 20 And in the mornynge as they passed by they sawe the fygge tree dryed vp by the rotes. 21 And Peter remembred and sayde vnto him: master beholde the fygge tree which thou cursedest is widdred awaye. 22 And Iesus answered and sayde vnto them: Have confides in God. 23 Verely I saye vnto you that whosoever shall saye vnto this mountayne: take awaye thy silfe and cast thy silfe in to the see and shall not waver in his herte but shall beleve that those thinges which he sayeth shall come to passe what soever he sayeth shalbe done to him. 24 Therfore I saye vnto you what soever ye desyre when ye praye beleve that ye shall have it and it shalbe done vnto you. 25 And when ye stod and praye forgeve yf ye have eny thinge agaynste eny man that youre father also which is in heven maye forgeve you youre trespases. 27 And they came agayne to Hierusalem. And as he walked in the temple ther came to him the hye prestes and the Scribes and the elders 28 and sayd vnto him: by what auctorite doest thou these thinges? and who gave the this auctorite to do these thinges? 29 Iesus answered and sayde vnto them: I will also axe of you a certayne thinge: and answere ye me and I wyll tell you by what auctorite I do these thinges. 30 The baptyme of Iohn was it from heven or of men? Answer me. 31 And they thought in them selves sayinge: yf we shall saye from heven: he will saye why then dyd ye not beleve him? 32 but if we shall saye of me: then feare we the people. For all men counted Iohn that he was a verie Prophete. 33 And they answered and sayd vnto Iesu: we cannot tell. And Iesus answered and sayd vnto them: nether wyll I tell you by what auctorite I do these thynges.

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