1 Peter 2

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1 Peter 2 tells scattered, suffering Christians who they are and how to live among people who distrust them. They are newborn babies craving pure milk, living stones built on Christ the rejected cornerstone into a spiritual house, a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, once not a people and now God's people. As foreigners and exiles they are to live so honorably that slanderers end up glorifying God, to submit to emperor and governors, to honor everyone, and, in the case of household servants, to endure even unjust masters. The reason is Christ, who suffered without retaliating, bore our sins in his body on the tree, and by whose wounds we are healed, so that straying sheep have returned to the Shepherd.

打开章节注释

1 Peter 2 is addressed to people who were being talked about. They lived in the towns of Asia Minor as a suspect minority, called evildoers by their neighbors, and Peter's first move is not to tell them how to behave but to tell them who they are. Newborn children hungry for pure milk. Living stones being fitted into a temple built on a stone that the builders threw away, which God made the cornerstone. And then the titles that once belonged only to Israel, given to former pagans: a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people God owns, called out of darkness into a light that Peter calls marvelous. You were not a people, he says, and now you are. Only after that does he say how to live. As strangers passing through, keep your conduct so clean that the slander falls apart on its own and the slanderers end up giving glory to God. Submit to the emperor and his governors, even under Nero, because free people do not need to use their freedom as a cover. Honor everyone. Then he speaks to the household servants, who could be beaten at their master's whim, and he does not pretend it is fair; he says unjust suffering borne for God's sake is a grace, because that is exactly what Christ did. He did not hit back or threaten, but handed himself over to the one who judges justly, and he carried our sins in his own body onto the tree so that by his wounds we could be healed. We were sheep wandering off, Peter ends, and now we have come back to the Shepherd.

Historical and literary context

Peter writes from "Babylon," almost certainly Rome, to churches across five provinces of Asia Minor, probably in the early 60s under Nero, before the great persecution but in a climate of suspicion, slander, and social pressure against Christians. The letter's "foreigners and exiles" reflects their status as a religious minority without civic standing. The stone texts are drawn from Isaiah 28, Psalm 118, and Isaiah 8, and the titles of verse 9 from Exodus 19 and Isaiah 43, transferring Israel's vocabulary to a mostly Gentile church. Household servants, addressed in verse 18, were a large part of early congregations and had no legal protection against harsh masters. Verses 22 to 25 weave together Isaiah 53.

How the chapter unfolds

Verses 1 to 3 call for the shedding of malice and a craving for pure milk. Verses 4 to 8 develop the stone: Christ the living stone, believers as living stones and priests, and the three Old Testament stone texts with their contrast between believers and stumblers. Verses 9 and 10 give the four titles and the reversal from no-people to God's people. Verses 11 and 12 turn to conduct among Gentiles. Verses 13 to 17 concern submission to civil authority and honor for all. Verses 18 to 20 address servants under unjust masters. Verses 21 to 25 present Christ's suffering as example and atonement, in the words of Isaiah 53.

Why this chapter matters

Verse 9 is the New Testament's foundation for the priesthood of all believers, and its four titles have named churches, hymns, and movements. "By His stripes you are healed" in verse 24 is one of the most quoted lines on the atonement, and the picture of Christ who "when they heaped abuse on Him, did not retaliate" is the classic model for Christian nonretaliation. Verses 13 to 17 shaped Christian teaching on the state, and "honor the king" was a text of obedience through centuries of monarchy. The living stones and spiritual house gave the church its self-understanding as a temple built of people.

Interpretive tension to watch

The command to servants to submit even to unreasonable masters has been used to defend slavery, and readers must weigh Peter's aim, which is the dignity of those who suffer unjustly, against the misuse of his words. "Honor the king" was written under Nero, which raises the question of what submission to authority means when the authority is wicked, a question Peter answers with the limits implied by "fear God." The phrase "to this they were appointed" in verse 8 is a standing text in debates about predestination. Whether "by His stripes you are healed" promises physical healing is a further dispute; Peter applies it to sin and straying.

这一章的思考问题

  • Peter calls a scattered minority a chosen people, a royal priesthood, and a holy nation. How does knowing who you are change how you bear being distrusted?
  • He tells believers to live so well among outsiders that their slanderers end up praising God. What would that look like in your workplace or neighborhood?
  • Christ "did not retaliate" but "entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly." What makes it possible to absorb injustice without either revenge or despair?

Study with context

Use this as a chapter guide, then press deeper into the text itself. The goal is to slow down observation, notice structure, and ask better questions before jumping to conclusions.

1 ですから、あなたがたは、すべての悪意、すべてのごまかし、いろいろな偽善やねたみ、すべての悪口を捨てて、 2 生まれたばかりの乳飲み子のように、純粋な、みことばの乳を慕い求めなさい。それによって成長し、救いを得るためです。 3 あなたがたはすでに、主がいつくしみ深い方であることを味わっているのです。 4 主のもとに来なさい。主は、人には捨てられたが、神の目には、選ばれた、尊い、生ける石です。 5 あなたがたも生ける石として、霊の家に築き上げられなさい。そして、きよい祭司として、イエス・キリストを通して、神に喜ばれる霊のいけにえをささげなさい。 6 なぜなら、聖書にこうあるからです。 「見よ。わたしはシオンに、選ばれた石、 尊い礎石を置く。 彼に信頼する者は、 決して失望させられることがない。」 7 したがって、より頼んでいるあなたがたには尊いものですが、より頼んでいない人々にとっては、「家を建てる者たちが捨てた石、それが礎の石となった。」のであって、 8 「つまずきの石、妨げの岩。」なのです。彼らがつまずくのは、みことばに従わないからですが、またそうなるように定められていたのです。 9 しかし、あなたがたは、選ばれた種族、王である祭司、きよい国民、神の所有とされた民です。それは、あなたがたを、やみの中から、ご自分の驚くべき光の中に招いてくださった方のすばらしいみわざを、あなたがたが宣べ伝えるためなのです。 10 あなたがたは、以前は神の民ではなかったのに、今は神の民であり、以前はあわれみを受けない者であったのに、今はあわれみを受けた者です。 11 愛する者たちよ。あなたがたにお勧めします。旅人であり寄留者であるあなたがたは、たましいに戦いをいどむ肉の欲を遠ざけなさい。 12 異邦人の中にあって、りっぱにふるまいなさい。そうすれば、彼らは、何かのことであなたがたを悪人呼ばわりしていても、あなたがたのそのりっぱな行ないを見て、おとずれの日に神をほめたたえるようになります。 13 人の立てたすべての制度に、主のゆえに従いなさい。それが主権者である王であっても、 14 また、悪を行なう者を罰し、善を行なう者をほめるように王から遣わされた総督であっても、そうしなさい。 15 というのは、善を行なって、愚かな人々の無知の口を封じることは、神のみこころだからです。 16 あなたがたは自由人として行動しなさい。その自由を、悪の口実に用いないで、神の奴隷として用いなさい。 17 すべての人を敬いなさい。兄弟たちを愛し、神を恐れ、王を尊びなさい。 18 しもべたちよ。尊敬の心を込めて主人に服従しなさい。善良で優しい主人に対してだけでなく、横暴な主人に対しても従いなさい。 19 人がもし、不当な苦しみを受けながらも、神の前における良心のゆえに、悲しみをこらえるなら、それは喜ばれることです。 20 罪を犯したために打ちたたかれて、それを耐え忍んだからといって、何の誉れになるでしょう。けれども、善を行なっていて苦しみを受け、それを耐え忍ぶとしたら、それは、神に喜ばれることです。 21 あなたがたが召されたのは、実にそのためです。キリストも、あなたがたのために苦しみを受け、その足跡に従うようにと、あなたがたに模範を残されました。 22 キリストは罪を犯したことがなく、その口に何の偽りも見いだされませんでした。 23 ののしられても、ののしり返さず、苦しめられても、おどすことをせず、正しくさばかれる方にお任せになりました。 24 そして自分から十字架の上で、私たちの罪をその身に負われました。それは、私たちが罪を離れ、義のために生きるためです。キリストの打ち傷のゆえに、あなたがたは、いやされたのです。 25 あなたがたは、羊のようにさまよっていましたが、今は、自分のたましいの牧者であり監督者である方のもとに帰ったのです。

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